RR #1 Essays - Animals, Dog Breeding, Animal Welfare, Dogs

Good Dog, Bad Dog " Bad Dog" by Rachel Maizes is a very interesting essay about a dog named Chance who was actually owned by the writer herself. At the time of the essay, Chance is an old worn down dog who once "stood like a champion" but now he "looks like a ghost" even though he is still alive. The reason he is so worn down?... Chance has a temper, a very big one, It started as early as 2 yrs old when he used to "growl at other dogs, chase children/cyclists and even flatten puppies under his paws". This temper would continue with him throughout his life as it led him into many fights which is why after 14 years, his body is so beaten and brittle. Most would probably label Chance as a so called "bad dog" but Rachel doesn't see it that way as she feels Chance is perfect for her as she describes herself as a "introvert who identifies with his desire to be alone". She mentions how Chance was there for her after her divorce and "took care of her", Funnily enough she even admits she is sometimes ashamed of having a "bad dog" and even fears he may attack someone. However the question I pose to you as a reader is that even though Chance is seen by most as a bad dog, is he truly a bad dog or a by product of a bad situation? My answer to that very question is that Chance while a bad dog to the rest of the world is actually a good dog to Rachel (his owner). Yes I know that him attacking other dogs and even threatening to attack humans and other animals isn't good behavior. I also know the fact that he can't even interact with pretty much anyone besides rachel also isn't a very positive trait to have. However, all of that doesn't affect my answer as I feel he is a good dog to/for Rachel because not only does she truly love him, he will always be there for her and she will do the same. Another reason I believe he is a good dog is the story she describes in the essay about when a yellow Lab lunged at Chance and digged his teeth into him. Uncharacteristically, Chance didn't fight back and just let the Lab tear at his face until the owner finally pulled the Lab off of Chance. Amazed at what she had seen, Rachel wondered to herself why a (young Chance at the time) didn't fight back, why he didn't just go after the Lab like he normally would, as he seemed to hold back. To me this is evidence that deep down Chance while rough around the edges is just like a every other dog and isn't so bad after all but in fact it is Rachel herself who is the problem as I feel she is a bad owner/parent. She even partially admits her faults when she says "I didn't know when i adopted chance, that puppies need to interact with other dogs to learn social cues" this is just an example of the faults she committed as an owner. She also admits to "failing Chance" on multiple occasions. With this being said I think it is clear that while Chance is a bad dog to the world (because of the bad parenting by Rachel) he is a good dog to Rachel and their relationship while a very peculiar one, works for them and in the end that's all that matters (Bad dog + Bad owner = Good relationship) 31

The Scarlet Letter Essays (233 words) - English-language Films

The Scarlet Letter Essays (233 words) - English-language Films The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter the author uses several symbolic things. He uses the rose bush that is in the midst of all the grayness. Pearl, Hesters' daughter is also a symbol. The scarlet A that Hester has to wear is a symbol that she is an adulteress. The author goes on to describe these in great detail. The setting in this puritan town, Boston, the author describes everything as being gray. Everything sounds so depressing, but he talks about this rose bush right next to the prison. It symbolizes that nature has some kind of sympathy for these criminals. The rose bush is so beautiful, yet it is outside of a prison. Hester had a daughter, Pearl. Pearl is a child of Dimmesdale, which is not Hesters' husband. Pearl is very beautiful, yet she is often referred to as a demon child. Pearl is very violent, she throws rocks at the other kids. She is symbolic because she was conceived in a very ugly situation, but she is a very beautiful kid. Another symbolic thing is the scarlet A that Hester has to wear. She wears it to let everybody know that she is an adulteress. An A on her clothes changes the way people think of Hester. Something so insignificant such as a piece of cloth changes a whole life and causes a whole lifetime of pain and suffering.

'Visibility is a trap' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

'Visibility is a trap' - Essay Example Foucault’s work and contribution extend to the social domain as well as philosophy. His philosophical work is being expressed with context to the history and the changes as they take place in parallel and with time. For example the most important factor and understanding in his study is that of the most prevailing factor in form of the urban drive and urban migration. As a result of the urban drive, quite a few patterns have changed and the outlook has changed in a certain definite way in contrast to what it was in past. The visibility being a trap concept is one similar phenomena being derived from the same urban ambiance and its co relation has been drawn in the same pattern. Urban society and the digital element: Modern urban societies are characterized by presence of digital dominance, with everything being handled by the computers and digital devices, apart from their servicing features; they also provide the functions of monitoring and surveillance in certain specific way. For example all the metropolitans have established cameras and monitoring systems, this is also true in the case of highways, buildings and the official work places, where each action is being monitored in a closed and disclosed both ways (Ingersoll 2008, 186). Origin of the concept of visibility: The term can be loosely coined with observation, monitoring and surveillance and its routes stretch back to the last decade of 18th century when the word Panopticon (Dalton & Evans 2004 ,67) was first used for the purpose of watching over the prisoners to notice their activities from a common and panoramic view point enabling for clear observation against their any objective moves that would create any disturbance and turbulence. Characteristic traits of modern urban environments: A modern urban society is characterized by observation of individuals in their working environment. The roles are defined in such a manner that each team and its member works in a tier and hierarchy (Chow 2012, 47) in strict scrutiny and observation. This observation and direct exposure has been termed as a trap by Foucault in his assessment and the quite famous quote. Various proponents of the field from research on social studies and sciences have tried to investigate the aspect of the correlation and affectivity and relevance to the society in certain specific way and each of them has found some material and substance in this regard which would lead to the assumption that urban societies depict more relevance to this concept than any other mode of social outfit. Two common schools of thoughts prevail from the overall discussion, each presenting their views and stressing for the statement at hand and observing and presenting it i n different manners and checking its relation to the various variables of the society how they would have an impact on the individuals as well as those who are related to the other people in the society in one way or the other (ernst 2012). The need: The possible need driven by the visibility factor can be that of not just the establishment of the order in the society but also making things easier for people in a bigger perspective. It

Critical analysis worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis worksheet - Essay Example Low nutrition expensive food is in the market not because of farmers’ equipment prices have soared, the consolidation is the real evil behind it. When someone walks into a shop, they see a huge number of brands selling different food products. This might seem like a good thing as more players enter in a market, competition increases and hence the quality and price remain under control. However the reality is far from it, those thousands of brands represent only a handful of companies, their parent companies, their real owners. There is one major distributor of organic food in the country and United National Food Inc. (UNFI) and Whole Foods are its major customers (Breaking up the Foodopoly, 2013). Companies use food science to make people addicted to the processed food – fat, sugar and salt are put in perfect combination so that the brain reaches nirvana, and releases dopamine; the brain sets up a neuro-circuit of eating food as a reward. Consolidated companies and food quality boards control everything, even the nutrition requirements, politicians are involved in it too, but there is still hope as things are improving. While such news would not get spotlight on mainstream media channels but with the boom of social media people can talk and create awareness. Along with voting with fork, people also need to vote for better politicians that are interested in people’s health rather than corporate profits. 2. What questions would you ask the author (at least 2 questions) The two questions I would ask the author would be; 1) How can average American (or anyone in the world) create active awareness regarding foodopoly? What do you suggest people should do other than updating statuses on social media websites and liking news articles such as yours? 2) What can be done to develop a board or a committee that can keep an eye on the standard of food and food prices? The companies involved in this business are very strong and they can hire lawyers that can win them any case, so how do we fight on this platform that we need an independent board (independent of politics and corporate influence) that would make decisions about food pricing and quality solely on scientific and economic reasoning? 3. Do you agree with the main premise of the reading? Why or why not? What evidence or personal experience would you offer to? I completely agree with the premise of the article, there is consolidation; there is food-monopoly (foodopoly). One doesn’t need to be an expert to realize what is going on in the food market. A little search on the internet reveals the massive scale on which consolidation is being done in the food market. Corporates controlling food industry is devastating, people can’t avoid food, and it’s not a luxury. People get hungry and they need to eat. So controlling (or consolidating) the market means one controls people’s hunger and their wants and needs. Corporates can put up a television comme rcial showing a doctor telling the public how important it is to have an egg in the breakfast and some cereals and wash it down with milk. Everyone knows it’s just a commercial to sell milk, cereals and eggs, but the subconscious takes it all in, the brand name too. So when it comes to

Capstone Project Essay Example for Free

Capstone Project Essay Apple has been known to be an inherently personal computer company. However, it is also well known that there is no better example of innovative strategic thinking and execution. Apple’s strategy has remained to creating and sustaining value for customers across the world. Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 and the company never looked back since. However, it is also said that Apple lost the pc business because of ignoring the trends in pc industry. Apple’s business strategy is primarily based on innovation for creating differentiated products. It has built products that are cool to use as well as simple and intuitive. Its products are best known for the amazing experience they provide. However, Apple kept taking calculated risks and entered new markets boldly. It was visible in the release of innovative products like iPod, iPhone etc. Inherently it is a pc company and uses its competencies in developing hardware and software for developing effective, efficient and innovative products. In fact, its iPad, iPod, iPhone and Mac are all computers. (Harris, 2010) Apple’s success is mainly the result of innovative technology and design innovation. In this way we can see that Apple has enjoyed continued success in the market through innovation and matchless design. Apple’s vision is also based on continuous innovation which is visible in the products it makes. Its mission is also to be the leader in the digital revolution by making revolutionary products. We know that Apple is the market leader in terms of most innovative electronic products and the customers’ choice also. The business environment for Apple Company is highly competitive both domestically and globally. (Harris, 2010) However, its products qualify as global products and are preferred by customers all around the globe. In fact it is through innovation that the company has remained a global leader in terms of technology. Its iPhone took  the world by storm in 2007. Apple has strong capabilities in product design and engineering as well. In fact the smart phone boom was sparked by Apple through its release of iPhone in 2007. Initially, the market was shaped by the customers in US and other developed markets. However, the growth for smart phone market is now coming from the Asian and developing countries mainly. However, if anyone is challenging its position then it is Samsung which has emerged as a competitor for Apple. Till a few years ago, Samsung was just trying to catch up in the smart-phone market. Now, apart from being the world’s largest technology company by revenue, Samsung has set Apple on its back foot. It is now trying to overtake Apple. Samsung’s galaxy series became the customer’s preference soon after entering the market. In fact Samsung is considered to be the best when it comes to learning from its competitors. But they also remain customer centered at the same time. In fact Samsung keenly observes what its competitors are bringing to the market. It keeps a watch over the recent trends and does not take much time to release its own version of the innovation. (Nisen, 2013) Apple also has a huge cash pile, but when it comes to taking risks and putting the money behind it, Samsung appears to be far ahead of Apple. Apart from that Samsung also spends a larg er part of its revenue on research as compared to Apple. It spends 5.7% of its revenue on research as compared to Apple’s 2.4. Actually, Samsung is a diverse business that is made of chips, displays and a variety of other technology. Its main benefit to Samsung comes in the form of the ability to compete on price and offering features which others cannot. However, it is important to note that Samsung is more than just a smart-phone maker. It is a conglomerate, a manufacture as well as the world’s largest chip maker. These factors play in Samsung’s favor. Many of the components of the smart phones are made by Samsung itself which gives it a cost advantage. (Nisen, 2013) When we compare Samsung with Apple we can see that Apple relies on external partners, which sometimes also leads to difficulties and delays. Though Apple has a well-managed and futuristic supply chain, yet it does not have the cost advantage like Samsung. One important factor regarding Samsung is that it has provided many lower end options for the developing world. In case Samsung continues to bring game changing products to the market like its Galaxy series, it can move from a close second to being the market leader. Samsung’s advertising expenditure  is also quite high which has really paid it as well. Samsung has been successful domestically as well as globally. Its most products especially the galaxy series has taken the markets in the developing world by storm. (Nisen, 2013) Apple is considered to be the market leader in the computer software and hardware industry. The main reason behind its growth and success over years are the innovative products it has brought to the market. One of the most important strengths of Apple is its incredible brand loyalty. It has a very high number of brand loyal customers. These customers will even line up before Apple stores at night in freezing cold to be the first to lay their hands on a new released iPhone, iPad or Mac. Strong financial strength is also a major strength off Apple. Apart from these things Apple is also known for its strong brand reputation and strong advertising and marketing teams and its retail stores. We already know of Apple as the leading innovator in the mobile device technology. However, apart from the above mentioned strengths there are some weaknesses also. As analysts have mentioned without Steve Jobs in leadership, the pace of innovation at Apple has slowed down a bit. Recently it also faced problems from its main supplier and producer Foxconn which led to unwanted difficulties and delays. So, its reliance on external suppliers gets to be one of its primary weaknesses. Apart from that Apple operates in a highly competitive industry and the competition sometimes affects its margins also. Its profits are also affected due to similar but low priced offerings from its competitors. Another important weakness which generally goes in the favor of its competitors is that its products are generally high priced. This all has also led to a decline in the market share of the company. However, despite all the above mentioned weaknesses it can certainly not be denied that Apple is a customer focused, futuristic and innovative company and it is certainly due to its focus on design and innovation that the company has a vast array of opportunities ope n before it. Its main opportunity lies in the growth of smart-phone and tablet market. Increased demand for iPhones and iPad also brought new opportunities for Apple. With iPad mini the company has also set its foot in the small tablet market. Despite the innovations it has brought till now to the market, the company has still significant room left to innovate further. In fact its opportunities lie in continuous innovation. Release of the TV is also being  seen as a great opportunity for Apple to amaze its customers which it does like no one else. However, it is not easy to be and remain the market leader and it holds true regarding Apple also. Apart from that its reliance on external suppliers has also proved a threat for it. Competitors like Samsung have the cost advantage since they produce their parts themselves. This is a major threat for Apple which it cannot afford to neglect. The company is increasingly threatened by the price pressure from Samsung over key components. Samsung’s main strength lies in its diversified product portfolio. In fact the company has a really large product portfolio which includes mobile phones, tablets, TV, camera, pc, printers and many more items. In most of these product categories Samsung itself holds a significant market share. It is today the number two in terms of market share in the cell phone industry. Not just this Samsung was able to catch Nokia’s market share by superior innovation in smart phones. Apart from that Samsung has also remained ahead consistently in terms of design and innovation. A very important strength of Samsung is that it has been able to take advantage of the markets of growing economies. In fact it has been able to obtain a large market share in the growing economies because of its low end products. Another key strength of Samsung is that most of its products can easily be integrated with various software’s. It is not so with Apple and its devices are generally not compat ible with different operating systems. Apart from being known for its innovation and design, Samsung is well known for its relatively cheap products. Added to all this is Samsung’s global brand recognition. But apart from its strengths Samsung has some weaknesses also. Firstly, it is not as ahead in terms of software and hardware as Apple. It does not have either its specific operating system or software. It is a very important advantage for Apple and to become the number one in the industry Samsung would need to beat Apple. Apart from it, Samsung is focused on making too many products and its profit margins are also very low. Its competitors like Apple are the largest buyers for its electronic equipment’s also. Still there is a large pool of opportunities lying open before Samsung which is mainly due to increased demand for smart phones in the developing economies. Its galaxy series has been a great hit globally. Apart from that demand for quality products from Samsung has also risen greatly. The expansion of tablet market has also brought new  opportunities for Samsung and the company has also obtained large benefits from it. The main threat before Samsung is the fall in the prices of smart phones. Samsung faces increased threats from Apple because of its innovative technology and design also. Apple’s release of ITV is also being seen as a threat for Samsung. Technological change is happening rapidly and Samsung will also need to innovate consistently to remain at the position it is. Price wars as well as decreased margins also bring additional threats for Samsung. Generally companies have to adapt their business strategies and products to different cultures when they are trying to sell to various countries with different cultures. This is referred to as globalization. However, this thing does not become very important for companies like Apple which sell nothing but innovation. English is a global language and Apple’s designs are generally simple and easy to use. As such Apple does not face great difficulties trying to adapt to various cultures and its strategy roughly remains the same across cultures. As we can see that cultural differences do matter in business. Yet, Apple sells the same iPad in Tokyo as it does in Toronto. (Jacobs, 2010) Instead of competing on localization, Apples competes on the pace of innovation across cultures and countries. It is due to its pace of innovation that today it is a global brand. However, the case is different for Samsung, which is said to design globally but adapt locally for success. Every day it ships millions of products to customers around the world. Samsung believes that it is important t to understand the local culture to meet the local needs. It is necessary to understand the local culture to understand the customers’ preferences. One important example of its globalization strategy is its establishing of Lifestyle research labs in various countries including UK and India as well as Singapore and China. (Samsung, 2013) Apple has some distinct organizational competencies which differentiate it from others. Its competencies include its business model, corporate culture; focus on customer as well as control of the entire ecosystem. Why Apple is generally able to generate lots of buzz is because of its fastidious attention to design like its founder Steve Jobs. Most importantly it is the ability and practice of putting user experience first that keeps Apple ahead of others. Apple is known for being customer focused and it reflects in the success of its pr oducts. Apple is known for its design and ease of use. Its iPhone is  in fact a great example of the same. Apart from innovation and technology there is one other core competency that is the key driver behind Samsung’s success. Samsung believes in building an organizational culture of learning and development. Samsung has also established a work culture that promotes learning and development for its employees. The company has also established a Creative Development Research Institute System to provide its employees with the opportunity to pursue creative ideas. This initiative is aimed at encouraging the employees to develop creative ideas and be more entrepreneurial. Samsung has a highly diversified product portfolio and it is also in more places than Apple. But it sometimes also results in diverted focus. If possible Samsung should try to limit it so that it can focus on specifically important products. Apart from that Samsung would need to invest much more in innovation and desig n to pull customers off iPhones. It will also need to go beyond marketing and just bigger screens. Samsung has been concentrating on offering cheap products for the markets in developing countries. Yet it remains to do more on innovation as the technological market keeps changing rapidly. Samsung will need to specifically concentrate on design and better technological innovation. Apple has been winning due to its focus on innovation and design. However, it is not having a very significant advantage which is of producing the components for its iPhones. It is also relying on external suppliers and it leads to difficulties and delays. Apple should especially concentrate on its suppliers. In this backward integration can be highly helpful for Apple. In this way it will be able to have better control over its suppliers which will minimize delays and other difficulties. Apart from that it will also provide Apple with significant cost advantage. Apple has in fact used forward vertical integration to reach closer to its customers. It has opened Apple stores in multiple countries around the world. Apple is thinking of opening newer Apples stores in the markets it has tapped newly. In fact it does not just bring Apple closer to its customers but is also an example of effective corporate level strategy. The popularity and demand of Apple’s products is high. As a result Apple is trying to reach a larger number of customers through its own stores, since scalpers jack up the prices. However, the strategy that worked in the favor of Apple was that of diversification. Apple diversified itself from computers to consumer digital lifestyle and  entered the mobile phone market also. Since then it also brought a vast range of game changing products to the market which became highly successful. In case of Samsung the backward vertical integration strategy has worked. Many of the components that go into the smart-phones are made by Samsung itself and the company also gains significant cost advantage due to it. Apart from that this strategy also benefits it by allowing it higher flexibility in terms of what and when it produces. In fact Samsung’s business model is based to a great extent on this competency. The corporate governance structure of Apple is designed keeping in mind effective decision making as well as appropriate monitoring of compliance and performance. The board of directors at Apple oversees the CEO and the senior management. This monitoring is done in order to ensure ethical and operation of Apple Inc. In fact it is an efficient method to monitor that the top management is working ethically and properly. Apart from that this method also ensures that there are no frauds or manipulations as well as prevents any problem at the corporate level. Apart from that the board also conducts a self-evaluation to find if the board and its committees are working properly. The compensation committee does an annual review of the executive performance including the CEO. This review is also evaluated by the board to ensure the CEO is providing effective leadership to the company. The board of directors at Samsung is composed of seven members of which four are external directors. This ensures the independence and transparency of the board’s decisions. The board of directors also meets regularly to discuss management issues and other important things. The directors are not allowed to engage in business activities in the same industry without approval from the board. It has been done especially to minimize any risk of conflict of interest or unethical behavior. Samsung is a company considered to be over hierarchical and also to be dominated by its founding family. There has been significant criticism of its governance structure. Firstly, the company should stop its owner centered managing system since due to it the company cannot remain independent of its chairman. The rights of minority shareholders as well as economic justice get eroded in this system. Samsung will need to change this structure. (Kim, 2012) The company should follow a structure where th ere is more transparency related to ownership. Apart from that to improve its profitability and sustain its position, Samsung will need to invest more and  move further in terms of innovation. It will also need to move its focus from products to customers. In case of Apple, it will need to adopt its business strategy to obtain cost advantage like Samsung. One major drawback of Apple is that its products are very costly generally. In this regard Apple should go for backward integration to obtain significant cost advantage. Apart from that the company should continue to focus on innovation and design to remain competitive. Apple has been using forward vertical integration successfully but it also needs to use backward integration for further success and managing costs. Pressure from competitors like Samsung is rising and company will need to be focused on managing the price issue to beat the competition. The smart phone market is currently driven by two factors. These include large screens as well as cheap products. However, Apple currently provides none of these. Despite not being the most attractive segment cheap devices still drive the sales volume. A number of second tier Asian brands have also started eating into Apple’s market share. The fight between Apple and Samsung is going to be really hard. Apart from it both companies will also have to fight hard for their respective positions in the market against the emerging challengers. Apple’s target continues to remain the high end market. It has still held itself from releasing a low cost product since it may eat into its profitability. Currently, Apple and Samsung are the only vendors who have their market shares in double digits. Yet, their combined market share fell in 2013 which denotes that the road ahead is going to be tough. Still, the two are the most dominant players in the global smart phone market. In fact the decline was largely due to inability of Apple to grow according to the broader smart phone market. However, it is still the market leader. (Osawa Grundberg, 2014) But on the other side it cannot be denied that Samsung has been inching closer through its strategy of innovation and price competition. In fact if Samsung is able to manage its winning spree as it did in case of Galaxy smart phones, it will grow at faster pace than Apple. Apple would have to pay attention to certain other things also apart from differentiation through design and innovation to retain its leadership position. Still, taken together these companies seem to be dominating the smart phone market and will continue to for the coming years. References: Nisen, M. (2013). Samsung Has A Totally Different Strategy From Apple, And Its Working Great. In Business Insider. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.businessinsider.in/Samsung-Has-A-Totally-Different-Strategy-From-Apple And-Its-Working-Great/articleshow/21250813.cms Jacobs, E. (2010). Navigating cultural differences. In Financial Times. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f3e2f464-937e-11df-bb9a 00144feab49a.html#axzz2w9RbDZqJ Samsung Designs Globally and Adapts Locally for Worldwide Success (2013). In Samsung. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=28148 Osawa, J., Grundberg, S. (2014). Apple’s Smartphone Market Share Drops as Samsung’s Edges Up. In Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/01/28/apples-smartphone-market-share-drops-as-samsungs-edges-up/ Harris, M. (2010). New Product Markets†¦create and dominate them Apple style! In Harconllc. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://harconllc.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2013/04/DominateMarketsAppleStyle.pdf Kim, L. (2012). Samsung’s family battles over corporate governance, will it be a risk? In Quamnet. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.quamnet.com/newscolumnistcontent.action?articleId=2323716request_loc le=EN_US

Fresh Water Supply and Demand: Literature Review

Fresh Water Supply and Demand: Literature Review Literature Review: Although water is most abundant substance that find on earth surface but amount of global fresh water only accounts for 3%. This small amount of fresh water underpins life and vegetation on the earth surface. Out of this 3%, the main share about 68.7% is found in Polar Regions and glaciers as ice and 30.1% as ground water. The thin share about 0.3% water of total global fresh water is found as fresh surface water which is available in lakes (87%), Swamps (11%) and rivers (2%) (Gupta 2012)[1]. In addition to that water is unequally distributed on earth and population growth varies on every continent. If we look into history before the industrial revolution, it was possible to withdraw and consume water to everyone’s satisfaction. However times changed in the last few decades the last three centuries, with increased demographic pressure and quest for development and modernization, no longer allows management of water resources without cooperation among countries. Thus water, the need of life, is likely to pose the greatest challenge on account of an increased demand with population rise and economic development, and shrinking supplies due to over-exploitation and pollution. This has caught the attention of many scholars who had written lot about water management, water security and water scarcity. However while doing literature review, a selective approach has been adopted and only those works has been picked that are related to hydro politics, water conflicts, water politics and diplomacy, water security, water competition and challenges; which are succinctly discussed in following paragraphs. First category of literature that is discussed is related to hydro politics which emerged in late 1970’s. John Waterbury (1979) used the word ‘hydro-politics’ first time in 1979 and followed by other writers such as Allan, Coskun, Earle and Howe. Waterbury (1979) attempted to show how the politics and water overlap and intersect each other and affect the use of water resource in Nile Valley. He basically focussed on the Egypt and Sudanese relations from 19th century to 20th century. Egypt knows it vulnerabilities being a downstream country and vied to annex Sudan insisted on the ‘Unity of Nile Valley while Sudan never wants to come under the new imperialism of Egypt. He depicted that by end of 20th century there will be shortage of water in Nile valley as both countries reaching outer limits of what water storage facilities could provide. Allan (2002) argued that the potentiality of water scarcity is very big issue in the global politics and Middle East. Mid dle East is the region that suffers from this problem more than any other region in the world. The problem of water scarcity is become very critical in Middle East after 1970. He highlighted that this problem is very much correlated the security of the region. In the upcoming decades the problem of water and food will become very serious in the region and this not only affects the Middle East region but also the whole global politics. Coskun (2004) analysed that after independence from former Soviet Union, the water management of transboundary Rivers become very complicated and the tension over water resources increased drastically among the central Asian countries. He argued that disputes over water resources become big threat for the Central Asian security with increase in quests for meeting national interests. He also tried to explore the role of external and internal dynamics in building the cooperation for water regime. Earle (2005) discussed the hydro politics in Southern Afri ca and chances of peaceful development for sharing of water resources. He illustrated that the region has started to experience economic development with industrial and intensive agricultural growth by going beyond from past history of conflicts. He argued that the climate change can affect the region that has arid climate and prone to climatic changes. This climate change in Southern Africa is also a matter of concern at global level like many other parts of the world. The combination of above factors made the region hydro politically vulnerable but put forward that direct conflicts are not possible over water resources because of economic factors and benefits of co-operation and sharing. He justified his view about chances of co-operation with the statements of Kofi Annan (former UN general secretary) and Ismael Serageadin (former vice president of World Bank) is that the next war in the world will be fought on water not oil. Howe (2010) discussed hydro politics of the Nile River basin and highlights the chances of conflict and future course of policy making. She told that the Nile River basin is one of those regions in the world that is suffering with the problem of water scarcity. The Nile river basin is shared by ten countries i.e. Sudan, Egypt, Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Ethiopia. She argued that water is main reason for conflict between the countries of the basin. The high growth of urbanization and population and the difference in interests between the riparian countries create many problems like sanitation, shortage of food, power and water for irrigation etc. She correlated the water with other problems of the region especially security of the region. The second category of literature is about water diplomacy and hydro diplomacy including the competition and challenges related to water. This includes the works of Karaev, Renner Roul and Chellaney. Karaev (2005) depicted the water diplomacy in Central Asia. He argued that after the independence from Soviet rule the rivers of Central Asia become international and became one of the main causes of conflicts between all the five countries of central Asia. In the time of Soviet rule all these rivers are managed by a central agency that is in the Moscow, all the decision is taken by this agency. But after the collapse of USSR this system is also broken management of these rivers become politicized. He discussed the main historical and geopolitical cause of conflicts in the Central Asia region. He also illustrated the policies of all Central Asian countries about the different issues among them. Renner (2009) highlights the water challenges in Central and South Asia that emerged due to issues of water and role played by them as both the region faced the same problems of water shortage and poor management of water resources. He also through light on changing climate in the form of melting glaciers, rising temperature, change in monsoon cycle and droughts that increases the water scarcity in both the regions. The wastage of water is very big problem in regions, but it is many times higher in Central Asian countries then the countries of world like Egypt, Spain, Israel, and Turkey etc. He cautioned that the hydro-power projects in Central Asia for irrigation needs could lead to transboundary water disputes in the Failure of absence of regional agreement. Izqzierdo et al. (2010) analysed the water crisis in Central Asia and discussed the key challenges and opportunities related to it. He explained the political, socio- economic, climatic and environmental causes of water dispute s in Central Asian region which made the situation very critical. They highlighted that before the independence from the rule of the USSR, there is not any problem related to sharing of water among five new countries. The downstream countries supply energy resources to upstream countries in winter season when the demand of energy resources at the peak and the upstream countries supply water to downstream counties when they need water for the irrigation of cotton crops. But after independence this system is broken. Due to the rise of nationalism and increasing mistrust on each other is very major cause of conflicts between the countries of Central Asia region. They also discuss about the mismanagement of water resources in the region and wastage of water. They also discussed the geopolitical role of Russia, China and Iran and also warned about the impacts that will have to face by Central Asian countries when Afghanistan demands its share from rivers waters. Roul (2013) discussed the hydro diplomacy related to transboundary rivers in Central Asia and highlights the relationship and difference in dependency on rivers among the upstream (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) and downstream countries (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) countries. He put forward that upstream countries need water for hydro power to meet their domestic energy demands while downstream countries need water for irrigation of agriculture fields. Thus geographical positions of countries increased the difficulties in solving the disputes related transboundary rivers. He argued that in Central Asian region all the international laws, framework, treaties and declaration related to transboundary or international rivers are negligible due to economic and geographical difficulties faced by respective countries. Chellaney (2014) examined the relationship between water and power and competition emerged in Asia due to it. He argued that pressure on water resources emerged as one of the most serious ch allenge especially in the rapidly growing economy of Asian continent. The scarcity of water resources and increasing competition for fresh water resources is became a very serious problem and increased the tension among the countries in the Asia. He illustrated that Central Asia is one of the most volatile regions in the world where rising nationalism and competition over water resources increasing every passing day. He put forward that Central Asian region is an example of how water resources are used for geopolitical gains by poor upstream and rich downstream countries. Third category includes the literature on water related conflicts. This includes the works of Wolf (1998), International Crisis Group (ICG, 2002) Olmstead (2005) Kraemer 2012. Wolf (1998) analysed the major water treaties among transboundary Rivers on the basis of FAO’s collected data. He illustrated the conflict and cooperation along international waterways and studied the problem of upstream- downstream country issue, water sharing issue; economic issues. He argued that Institutional resiliency is the main causes of conflicts among nations. His analysis about world stood same for the situation of Central Asia. Here the issues of water are much co-related like the other issues such as economic, geopolitical and social etc. Water Conflicts in Central Asia: In the report by International Crisis Group â€Å"Central Asia: Water and Conflict† (2002) explore that in Central Asia region competition for fresh water is increasing at a very fast rate. The main source of employment is agriculture in region and played very important role in economy of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The cotton is the main crop of the region that required intensiv e irrigation. Water use has increased rapidly since the Central Asian states became independent in 1991 and is now at an unsustainable level. This report explores the political, environmental and socio- economic causes of water conflicts between the upstream and downstream countries of the region. This report also identifies the main areas that fuel tension in Central Asia region that are, mismanagement of water resources, failure of barter, Non-implemented and untimely barter agreements and payments, insecurity about future plans of water infrastructure like Rogan dam, Kambarata-1, Golden Age Century lake etc. Olmstead (2005) explores the ways in which economic development and local-level violent and non-violent conflict in the Ferghana Valley, Uzbekistan interact, using water scarcity as an instrumental variable for economic growth. Analysis shows significant negative correlation between rural incomes and the likelihood of local-level conflict. The importance to rural GDP of the release of water in the vegetative season, it seems that Uzbekistan should have a greater incentive to provide energy resources to upstream water producers (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) in order to insure properly timed water transfers. Currently, the negotiation process among the five Central Asian Republics that occurs year after year with regards to water allocation is highly contentious and Uzbekistan is generally unwilling to pay for water. Kreamer (2012) in his article, â€Å"Past, Present, Future of Water Conflicts and International Security† told that stress and scarcity of water has affected the stability of societies and it will continue to affect. An indication of worldwide water security challenges point out reflective problems and potential of crises. All over the world, there are many examples of struggles for water and how water is used as a strategic tool by different countries in the world. Water has also been an instrument of religious, ethnic conflicts and has recently been used in local and regional clashes. Fourth category focused on literature that illustrates the importance of water and geopolitical and political risk emerging because of water. (Allouche, 2004) Ruziev (2004), Chellaney (2012), â€Å"Kraak, 2012),† Kushkumbayev and Kushkumbayev (2013), (Allouche, 2004) in his article, â€Å"A source of regional tension in Central Asia: The case of water† explained historical and hydrological factors of the current water crisis in central Asia. He argued that water crisis between the countries of Central Asia is largely by the former Soviet Union’s plans in central Asia. The water conflicts in Central Asia region should not be separated from other issues of the region like ethnic tensions, territorial delimitation, nationalism, and political Islam etc. All these issues are many times responsible for water conflicts in the region especially in Farghana valley. Ramses Ruziev (2004), in his article, â€Å"Economic, Environmental, and Political Aspects of Hydropower Infrastructure Expansion in Central Asia† analysed the economic, environment and political aspects of developments of hydropower infrastructure development in the region. He examines that at the time of former USSR, the water and irrigation systems were managed by a centralized agency, based on Moscow, but after the independence the situation is changed regarding the allocation of water resources allocation. Before independence the upstream and downstream countries shared their resources (the downstream countries provided energy resources ex. Coal, oil and gas and upstream countries provided them water of irrigation). But after independence this system was collapsed. The upstream countries started store water in reservoir in summer season for making electricity in winter season, but downstream countries needed water in summer season for irrigation. He also mentioned the pos sible consequences of development of hydropower on the up and down streaming countries. Chellaney (2012), in his article, â€Å"From Arms Racing to â€Å"Dam Racing† in Asia: How to Contain the Geopolitical Risks of the Dam-Building Competition† examined that Asia’s economy is most fast growing economy in the world. The Race of dam is a major geopolitical issue in Asia continent and is also known for the brut lest competition for natural resources, particularly water and energy resources. The building of dams on international Rivers is the main problem between inter-riparian in Asia continent. In this article also explained how arising geopolitical risks with building of dams on transboundary Rivers. He examines the four different zones where this geopolitical risk is very high: these 4 regions are South Asia, Southeast Asia; China and its neighbouring countries; and Central Asia region, especially between the five â€Å"stans† nations — Tajikistan , Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Kraak, 2012), in his article, â€Å"Geopolitics of hydropower in Central Asia: The Syr Darya†, told about the geopolitics of hydropower between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan on Syr Darya river. He examined that the main cause of current dispute between them is on the construction of Kambarta-1 hydro project and tried to examine the Russia’s diplomacy in Central Asian water by obtaining major share in hydro projects in Kyrgyzstan by providing funds of construction of hydro projects, Uzbekistan blamed that with this Russia want virtual control of Central Asia rivers water. Kushkumbayev and Kushkumbayev (2013), in their article, â€Å"Water and Energy Issues in the Context of International and Political Dispute in Central Asia† argued that water is increasingly became scarce resources in the Central Asia region. The disagreements of downstream countries (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan) are increasing rapidly with the upstream (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) countries on the water resources issues. The downstream countries have abundance of hydrocarbon resources, while on the other hand, the upstream countries suffer a deficiency of non- water resources. So, the upstream countries started think about their transboundary Rivers as resources of hydropower generations. The downstream countries need water for irrigation purposes but upstream want water for producing hydroelectricity and they declared river water commodity as gas and oil. Thus the difference in needs becomes a major cause of conflicts between downstream and upstream states in the Central Asia. [1] Gupta R. C. (2012). Energy, Environment and Management in Metallurgical Industries. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Business Statistics Assignment

Interpret the measures of central tendency and variation within the context of this problem. Why should the company producing the tea bags be concerned about the central tendency and variation? Because getting an exact amount of tea in a bag is problematic because of variation in the density of the tea bag, and the extremely fast filling operation of the machine. D) Are the data skewed? If so, how? Left skewed. Because the mean is less than the median. What are the differences among the various measures of variation, such as the range, intrauterine range, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? (a) Range: Range of a data set is deference between the largest and the smallest data value. It is the simplest measure of variability. It is very sensitive to the smallest and the largest data value. (b) Intrauterine Range: intrauterine range of a data set is the difference between the third quartile and the first quar tile.It is range for the middle 50% of data. It overcomes the sensitivity to extreme data value. (c) Variance: The variance measures the variability the utilizes all the data. It also measures the average of the squared difference between each data value and the mean. (d) Standard Deviation: Is a standard of a data set is the positive square root of the variance. It is measured in the same units as the data making it more easily interpreted than the variance. (e) Coefficient of variance: the coefficient of variance indicates how range large the standard deviation is related to them.The advantages and disadvantages: (a) Range: Advantages: 1) Easy to understand; 2) Simple to calculate; 3) It is a good measure for comparison as it span the whole distributions. Disadvantages: 1) it uses only two of the observations and so can be distorted by extreme values; 2) Does not indicates any concentrations of the observations; Cannot be use in calculating of the observation. (b) Intrauterine ran ge: Advantages: 1) The calculations are simple and quite to do; 20 it can be illustrated graphically; 3) It covers the central 50% of the observations and so is not distorted by extreme values.Disadvantages: 1) Disregards all values except 1st and 3rd quartiles. Advantages: 1) Considers all data; 2) Not a terminal statistic Disadvantages: 1) Not appropriate for nominal or ordinal data; 2) Sensitive to extreme outliers. (d) Standard Deviation: (e) Coefficient of Variance: Advantages: The coefficient of variation is useful because the standard deviation of data must always be understood in the context of the mean of the data. In contrast, the actual value of the C.V. is independent of the unit in which the measurement has en taken, so it is a dimensionless number.For comparison between data sets with different units or widely different means, one should use the coefficient of variation instead of the standard deviation. Disadvantages: 1) When the mean value is close to zero, the coeff icient of variation will approach infinity and is therefore sensitive to small changes in the mean. This is often the case if the values do not originate from a ratio scale; 2) Unlike the standard deviation, it cannot be used directly to construct confidence intervals for the mean.

The Fisherman

He opens the poem using a first person narrative, mixed with a simple monosyllabic dialogue â€Å"Although can see him till†, in order to emphasis the simplistic nature of the fisherman, and Yeats adds to this effect by using a very regular rhyming pattern (ABA), and enjambment of the line in order to add a harmony and fluidity to the poem. As you carry on Yeats describes a lot of rural and naturalistic imagery ‘the freckled man†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ere Condemner clothes† emphasizing the typical old simple, and hard working Irish man, and this could in fact be compared to the ‘Irish Airman'. Because both poems are connected to a specific place in Ireland, in The Fisherman', it is Condemner, when in the ‘Irish Airman' it is â€Å"Kiloton Cross†, also in ‘The Fisherman', notice how the man seems to form as part of the landscape â€Å"grey place on a hill in grey', which shows how, not only is he wearing Condemner clothes, a local material, but seem s to merge with the natural environment.Yeats also uses a variety of different syntax's, in order to present the Irish people, and to present their different attitudes. From the simple syntax of the fisherman, â€Å"cast his flies â€Å"reflecting the quite, simple aspects of Ireland to here people live off the land, to which in Yeats' eyes is the perfect audience for him to write to. However the complex syntax â€Å"craven man† which is used, reflects the confusion almost, on how Yeats is traveling from his ideal reality, then arriving upon the actual reality, to which he detests.From lines eight to twenty-five, it shows Yeats bitter attack and viewpoint towards contemporary Ireland, showing a huge change in tone, and truly contrasting the old Ireland with the new. It opens with some antithesis â€Å"wise and simple. , really summing up the fisherman and Yeats' views on the old Ireland, using a full stop to allow the reader to reflect and almost proving how wisdom and sim plicity can sometimes go together.Carrying on there is another piece of alliteration â€Å"my own race And the reality' which creates another piece of contrasting imagery, setting up Yeats for his rant against the real contemporary Ireland, â€Å"the living men that I hate†, that quote referring to the greedy, UN cultured Dublin businessmen, to which Yeats' goes on listing all the types of people he dislikes, however cleverly juxtaposes these thoughts with â€Å"the dead man that I loved† who by many is Hough to be J. M Singe, although could be John O'Leary and therefore this poem could be compared to ‘September 191 3' â€Å"O'Leary in the grave†.Arriving at the end of that paragraph, Yeats sums up how he truly feels, â€Å"beating down of the wise And great Art beaten down†, using repetition of the word beaten, to portray the brutality of the Irish people. He describes some of the appalled types of the Irish public, â€Å"the clever man who cries † using harsh alliteration in order to show his absolute contempt, which cuts into the lines, so Yeats really believes that the people he doesn't admire, are somehow overcoming the wisdom of who Yeats does admire, and again this could be compared to the ‘Irish Airman' due to the inverted line.Yeats however in the last stanza, goes back to the idea of the perfect audience and old rural Ireland, going into further detail about the fisherman â€Å"sun freckled face† and differs from the early part, which describes him, to be more Of a memory, rather than a pigment of Yeats imagination â€Å"a man who is but a dream†. Yeats uses monosyllabic wording there and anaphora's to strengthen the line and to create an idea of nostalgia.Yeats finally ends the poem with a very interesting few lines â€Å"l shall have written him one†¦ As cold and passionate as the dawn†, Showing how he wants to write a poem for the perfect audience, using antithesis of cold an d passionate, to show in my opinion how the poem is full of passion, yet tightly controlled, therefore making it enduring. That last line could also be compared to the ‘Cold Heaven', as in the cold heaven there is a similar juxtaposition, between the cold sky and the rush of emotions.

How Celie views men in essays

How Celie views men in essays Celie describes men in many different ways in the novel "The Color Purple". All though they are portrayed mainly as cruel and selfish there is some positive imagery of men too. The five main male characters in the novel are Alfonso, Mr.______, Samuel, Adam, and Jack. Some of these characters in Celies eyes are good and others are bad. From the beginning of the novel Celie portrays her stepfather Alfonso as a monster. He is described as a child molester, a wife beater and an overall bad husband. "He never had a kine wird to say to me. Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldn't."(p.1) This quote is the beginning of an explanation given by Celie of how her stepfather rapes and abuses her. Alfonso looks upon Celie as nothing more than an object in which he shows no affection or consideration for. He uses her in any way he sees fit by making her cook, clean, and take care of all the children after her mother passes away until finally he convinces Mr._____ to marry her instead of Nettie. "Pa call me. Celie, he say. Like it was nothing. Mr.______ want another look at you."(p.11) This quote shows us how he negotiates the marriage as if she was nothing but an object Even after Alfonso dies it seem as if no ones shows any remorse, but Celie is happy because she has a house, and the only thing his widow cares about is t he house and how much money was spent on it. This is described on page 252. . Alfonso's image of being an evil man does not change through out the book. Mr.______ 's image on the other hand goes from being bad in the beginning of the novel, to kind and under standing towards the end. In the beginning Mr.______ is a horrible husband who looks at Celie in the same way as her stepfather does. He beats her up constantly and is a major reason that Celie has low self esteem and grim outlook on life. He expresses his feelings on how women should be handled when he is talking to Harpo and says, "Wives is like children. You have to ...

What Does Santa Clauss Resume Look Like [Infographic]

What Does Santa Clauss Resume Look Like [Infographic] Ho Ho Ho!It’s that time of year again! Santa has his professional resume perfected and is looking forward to flying out to his next assignment. Santa is definitely admired by children everywhere, and he is very experienced in his job so he’ll probably skip his interview step.His resume demonstrates that he has a very clear career path and is filled with accomplishments. However, he still needs to take some classes on Excel to help with his list updating. Check out his resume below and see why he is the man for the job! [Source: Kickresume]

The Technology Of Knockout Mouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Technology Of Knockout Mouse - Essay Example The conditional knockout mouse model is capable of bypassing the limits which are found with constitutive knockout models (Friedel, Wursy, Wefers & Kuhn 2011) Compared to the constitutive knockout model, the conditional knockout model strategy usually enables gene activation study at different development stages or ages. Inducible knock-outs also enable one to accurately model diseases that are age related.   Compared to the conditional knockout mouse model, the constitutive knockout model is a cost effective and fast solution to use in the preliminary study for the function of the target gene.  The constitutive knockout model may be embryonic lethal to the target gene and is highly likely to result in the misregulation or deregulation of the other genes expression. A lethal knockout makes the genetically altered embryos fail to grow into adulthood.   The lack of adult mice usually limits embryonic development studies and makes it quite difficult to determine the gene function in relation to disease and health of human beings (Wurst & Kuhn 2009).   A conditional knockout like inducible deletion, safe knockout technology, and tissue specific knockout may serve by bypassing all the difficulties that are experienced in a constitutive knockout. Unlike in the constitutive knockout model, the design process in the creation of inducible knockout model usually requires a thorough analysis to avoid any endogenous deregulation of genes or the expression of the truncated protein.

The Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Review - Essay Example In 1970, it accounted for 6.4% of the US capital stock and in 1988, this figure stood at 19.8% (Roach, 1988). The increase has been more pronounced in the manufacturing sector. In this sector, it grew from 1.6% in 1970 to 10.6% in 1988 (Roach, 1988). Extensive computerization and use of information technologies initiates an interest in knoing why many organizations or institutions have adopted these technologies. Most organizations are profit oriented and this means they not only focus positive returns but also how to obtain good financial rewards. Having this focus, many organizations always seek ways of limiting their costs of production while increasing production at the same time. This paper gives a literature review on how computerization and the use of IT increase worker productivity and reduces costs of production for many organizations, the focus being the manufacturing sector. Computerization and the use of IT in the workplace The term information technology can be defined a s the acquisition, processing, storage and distribution of numerical, textual, vocal and pictorial information through a combination of computing and telecommunications (Allen and Morton 1994). It therefore encompasses computer software, computer hardware, information systems, processes, data constructs, programming languages. Machines under IT domain render any data or information in visual format via multimedia distribution. Computerisation or computing refers to the action of utilising and improving or advancing computer software and computer hardware according to Agrawal and Symes (1994). In simple terms, computerisation is any goal-oriented activity benefiting from computer hardware and software. In the case of manufacturing industry, machines are run by computers that manipulate data according to a set of programs or instructions. General examples of utilisation of computerisation and IT manufacturing industries include networking, data management, information databases, and m ost importantly automation of machines. Like in many organisations, labour productivity in manufacturing industries is calculated by dividing the level of output by the specific level of labour input. Worker productivity is one of the important elements in determining the efficiency of an industry. Impact of computers and ITs on worker productivity and costs of production For many manufacturing industries, information technologies have continuously influenced work and changed the way it is done. One of the main impact of computerization and the use of technologies is the automation of machines. This has allowed manufacturing industries to assign repetitive and non-core tasks to machines while allowing employees to specialize in performing non-repetitive, complex and core duties of the organization. In this case, employees are able to fully utilize their skills and talents in the tasks assigned to them. This means that they offer their best and can handle more work in the area assign ed to them. Before the introduction of computers and IT in the workplace, employees would carry out every type of production activity including the most tedious and repetitive tasks. Due to the distances between the physical places of production assigned to these tasks, workers wasted a lot of time moving from one part of the industry to the other. As stated above, automated machines have taken over some of the repetitive and tedious tasks and