A death in the family Essay -- essays research papers

jam Agees A Death in the Family is a posthumous novel ground on the largely complete manuscript that the author left upon his finish in 1955. Agee had been working on the novel for many years, and portions of the work had already appeargond in The ruinisan Review, The Cambridge Review, The New Yorker, and Harpers Bazaar. Published in 1957, the novel was modify by David McDowell. Several lengthy passages, part of Agees manuscript whose position in the chronology was not identified by the author, were placed in italics by the editor, whose finality it was to place them at the conclusion of Parts I and II. These dream-like sequences suggest the enamour of James Joyce, especially of Ulysses, on Agees writing. It was also McDowells decision to add the brief prefatory section, Knoxville Summer, 1915, Agees poetic meditation on his southern childhood. As an procession to the novel, this evocative section, although not part of Agees original manuscript, is extremely effective, for it introduces the theme of doomed childhood happiness that is central in the novel as a whole. The novel will treat the same surround of middle-class domesticated life-a social milieu whose calm surface of normality is shattered by the tragic and possibly suicidal death of Jay Follet, the child protagonists father. In Part I of the novel, Agee quickly establishes the importance of the father-son relationship. Rufus Follet, Jays six-year-old son, accompanies his father to the silent film house against the objection of Rufuss mother, who finds Charlie Chaplin (one of James Agees heroes) nasty and vulgar. This disagreement underscores the marital conflict that underlies Rufuss unsure feelings toward both his parents. When Jay takes Rufus to a neighborhood tavern after the picture show, despite the fathers warmth and love for his son, it is clear that the fathers pride is constrained by the occurrence that the sons proclivities, even at this early age, follow the mothers interests in culture sooner than the fathers more democratic tastes for athletic ability and social pursuits. Tensions between Rufuss parents are apparent as Jays drinking and vulgar habits become a smirch of contention in the household, with the child Rufus caught between his sometimes bickering parents. For her part, bloody shame Follet is a character whose extreme subjection to moralistic attitudes suggests... ... a petitioner for the dead. Meanwhile Uncle Andrew takes Rufus for a walk and tells him about the magnificent butterfly that colonised on Jays coffin just as it was lowered into the grave forrader flying off high into the sky an episode that Andrew believes miraculous. Andrews then reviles stupefy Jackson, who has refused to read the full burial service, since Jay has never been baptized. Rufus struggles to understand the hostility that Andrew feels toward the church service even as he loves Christians such as Mary and Hannah. Rufus wants to get hold of for some clarifica tion, but instead he and Andrew walk silently home. consequently Agee ends the novel on a note of unresolved conflict. As he grows up, it is suggested, Rufus will continue to suffer from the same divisions of faith and social milieu that are involved in his parents relationship, and he will develop into the reflective artist who already, at the age of six, has shown such sensitivity to human motives and the voice communication in which they are conveyed. Written toward the end of his life, A Death in the Family may be considered Agees attempt to understand the origins of, and to come to terms with, the self-division that plagued his existence.

Abortion and Ethics Essay -- Life Pregnancy Fetus Papers

Abortion and EthicsAccording to the Websters New homo Dictionary, the first definition of abortion is the spontaneous act in which the automobile trunk expels an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive, miscarriage (Neufeldt & Guralnik, 4). til now others define abortion as the termi soil of a pregnancy with resulting last of the human fetus, relating more to the planned procedures to produce this specific response (Ashley & ORourke, 141). In our society we have taken on this second consume of the meaning, rather than abortion being a spontaneous act, it is a hand procedure sought by the mother that removes an embryo or fetus. This conceive act has arisen throughout a controversial history. Before the procedures were made legal, women apply many earthy methods. Some of these methods include reverberateing from great heights, having others jump on the pregnant womans abdomen, ingestion of toxic substances, and the practise of invasive probes such as sticks, knitti ng needles, or wire hangers (Callahan, 252). Although these primitive procedures might result in an abortion, they were unsafe for the women who endured them. Abortion in the get together States was illegal until the early 1970s. Once legalized, abortions were localized to the coastal densely dwell cities, such as in the states California and New York. Abortion was legalized nation wide on January 22, 1973 due to the efforts the key court cases of Roe v. Wade, and vitality v. Botton. Roe was an unmarried woman from Texas that wanted to challenge the abortion laws because she herself wanted to have the procedure to relieve the unborn child she carried. The second case, muscularity v. Botton had a different outlook on the justification for abortion. Doe, a married... ...cities.com/ourlady_dal/abortion2.htmKnight, James, Joan Callahan. Preventing extradite Contemporary Methodsand Related Moral Controversies. University of Utah Press Salt Lake City, 1989. Kush ner, Thomasine, David C. Thomasma. hand over to Death. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, 1996.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health. 26Nov. 2002.http//www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/taysachs_doc.htmNeufeldt, Victoria, David B. Guralnik. Websters New World Dictionary 3rd ed. PrenticeHall/Macmillan social club New York, 1994. Robinson. 26 Nov. 2002. http//www.religioustolerance.org/abortion.htm Shannon, Thomas. Bioethics, 3rd edition. Paulist Press Mahwah, 1987. The Abortion Law Homepage. 26 Nov. 2002. http//members.aol.com/abtrbng/pbal.htm

Did the Nazis solve Germany’s economic problems from 1933 to 1939?

Between 1933 and 1939 Germany suffered economic riddles. The main economic problems were Germany was dependent on the foreign market and the imports, the industrial occupation, unemploy effect forcet, the cost of living and bribe. Hitler and the Nazis tried to sack up the problems, they were successful moreover on that point were hidden factors to each source. Firstly unemployment was a problem because it had risen to over six million by 1933 and that was 25. 9% of the artless. With people out of work the standards of living dropped.By 1939 Hitler had reduced the derive of unemployed, it was now just above three hundred thousand, which was 0. 5% of the country and thanks to one of Hitlers schemes to reduce unemployment, modernistic roads had been built. Hitler reduced unemployment by introducing the autobahn scheme, which created many jobs for men as the Nazis were aiming to build over 7000 km of road. Hitler too continued with the national labour service, which became com pulsory for German men surrounded by 18-25 years old. The men had to work on public works schemes such(prenominal) as land reclamation, tree designting, construction and road building.The schemes seemed to work, removing thousands of young men from the unemployment figures. The schemes appeared to be on the job(p) but the results were that the unemployment figures hid a lot, such as the rival on women and Jews. The loss of rights for workers because trade unions were banned. There was no negotiation of wages and there was no right to strike. The national labour service was short and there was miserable wages for those who joined. The autobahn was actu each(prenominal)y part of war plans. The close problem was that Germany was too dependent on the foreign market and its imports.Hitler matte up that Germany was too reliant on the foreign imports, which he felt do Germany to venerable and Hitler wanted to stop the need for the foreign market. Hitlers answer to this problem w as autarky. Autarky was the creation of artificial substitutes (using ersatz) for products such as oil, textiles, provender and rubber. The effect of Autarky was ersatz materials. These were developed, produced and ordered. The maturation of ersatz made Germany much(prenominal) self reliant but it was still non totally reliant, as Germany continued to import 33% of its raw materials and 17% of its food.The result of Autarky was ersatz was a complete failure because they were inferior products. Ersatz contributed to the mitigate in living standards for German people. The third problem was the industrial occupation of Germany. Due to high unemployment, many factories were closed down. This meant that production was at a low level and by 1933 the production of goods ad fallen by a third since 1929. Between 1933 and 1939 the production in heavy exertion increased largely. Coal and chemical production doubled, oil, iron and steel production trebled and iron ore extract producti on increased by five fold.Consumer goods were non as important so they were produced at a slower rate. Hitler managed to increase production by firstly introducing autarky. By doing this it enabled the country to become more(prenominal) self sufficient for wartime production. Hitler began rearmament, which opened up job opportunities both in the factories and the army. Rearmament helped to reduce unemployment levels. Hitlers other solution was to increase working hours. In 1933 on average, per week, working hours were 42. 9 but had increased to 47. 0 in 1939. This meant that production increased.The result of Hitlers solutions was Germany became more likely to part war. The next problem was the final result with wages. The problem was that because of the high unemployment, employers had lots of people wanting jobs, so they could aver low wages and people would have to accept them. This lead to the working class not having a very high standard of life. Hitlers solution was to ge t rid of local and national wage rates and fetch performance principle. This scheme meant that the more work a person did the more money they earned.The effect was that the real value of take home get increased and longer working days let people benefit more money. The positive result of Hitlers solutions was that the quality of life got a microscopic bit better for a majority of the working class. The negative results of Hitlers solution were it didnt suit older people and less fit people, as they could not work as long as others. Sickness and absenteeism increased moment people didnt earn money. Longer working days and hours meant people do not have much energy to work and trade unions were interpreted away, which gave the people little rights.The last problem was the cost of living. The problem was that prevalent items were too expensive because of the average pay there was not fair to middling money. Hitler did nothing about this problem because he wanted to hold the lin e the make from the farmers. The effect from this problem was the cost of living in 1939 had increased since 1933. all(prenominal) basic groceries, except fish had risen in price. This was because food items were in short supply and it was the Nazis policy to discourage agricultural production because it had to keep up prices for the benefit of farmers.The result was the standard of living was very low for most Germans, mainly the working class. Hitler did manage to straighten out most of Germanys frugal problems but it was not entirely down to Hitler and the Nazis. Before Hitler can prime minister in the early 30s, the Weimar government was in power and this was during the 1920s depression. After the 1920s depression, the German economy was starting to recover, the worst of the depression was over, unemployment was decreasing and inflation was passing back to a suitable amount.With the economy going back to universal the Weimar government started to set up new schemes to hel p solve all the problems. The Weimar government set up the national labour service, but Hitler alter it by making it compulsory to join in 1935 and the Weimar government in like manner came up with the autobahn idea but lack of money in the 20s meant it could not go ahead but in 1934 Hitler had enough money to start the construction of the autobahn. So although it may have seemed that Hitler came up with these ideas and solved the scotch problems he didnt, he made the Weimar governments ideas better because he had the money to do so.When Hitler was came into power there was a worldwide recovery happening after(prenominal) the depression and in Germany. This factor led to an increase in production, which helped solve one of the economical problems in the early 30s in Germany. Hitlers solution did beat about some improvements such as the fall in unemployment, new roads and German citizens having a slightly better quality of life, but there were a lot of hidden and negative factor s to these improvements.Women could not work nor the Jewish, so there standard of living dropped, a lot of the improvements were for the war effort, not the country, the autobahn, rearming and conscription were part of the war effort and trade unions were abolished signification workers had no or very little rights. This was all part of Hitlers plan for dictatorship. Another factor was most of these solutions were not long term and Hitler hadnt sincerely thought about the consequences because the standard of living was still going down, there was still food being imported and the working hours were getting longer.

Palm Beach Community College Environmental Sustainability Essay

adept of the biggest issues immediately is surroundingsal sustainability. Sustainability came from the root word sustain. To sustain means to support, bear the freight of, to keep vent and to keep alive (Petry 2). In College Reading 4, Cheryl Benz and Cynthia Shuemann outlined surroundingsal sustainability as the ability of the environment to function indefinitely without going into a decline from the stresses imposed by piece society on natural systems (such as soil, water, and b atomic number 18) that maintain life (129).Here is another comment of environmental sustainability by Kelsey and Becker The general concept of environmental sustainability refers to the necessary rest between human wants and needs and the subject matter of the natural systems of the earth (31). As stated in the website of milieual Protection Agency, the term sustainability was first utilise in 1987 when World mission on Environment and Development repute Our Common Future was published.The co ncept of sustainability is still in kick in nowadays and it is of great help for the human race. The whole domain is currently experiencing champion of the most serious problems regarding the environment which is global warming. We, the human beings atomic number 18 victorious for granted the world we be living in. Instead of protecting the world from debasement, we serve as the agents of worlds deterioration through our egoistic activities and behaviors.Pollution, fast population growth, non-conservation of energy and exploitation of natural sources ar several(prenominal) of the human activities that ca intention environmental problems. Here now comes the issue on environmental sustainability. Can we still say that the environment is cap fitting of sustaining or giving the needs of the present generation as well as the needs of the future generation? Environmental science and the concept of environmental sustainability can be used to help the nations, institutions or even the wizard individuals in resolving the problems we atomic number 18 facing right now.In start the minds of individuals about the environmental issues and sustainability, higher education can be used as medium or means. Higher education specific exclusivelyy college take aim can be used in make the individuals, especially the juvenility, sensible of the environmental degradation the earth is experiencing right now. The universities are one of the beat out channels in providing the individuals with knowledge and sense about sustainable teaching. What is sustainable development?According to Environmental Protection Agency, sustainable development is delimitate as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development is very beneficial not simply to the environment only excessively to economic growth, technological attainment and improvement of lumber of life. Accord ing to Roger Petry, the university plays as a key reader to sustainable development.The following are the reasons why Petry considers the university as mediator for sustainable development a) The university can contrisolelye breadth of knowledge, particularly of human and ecological systems (b) it has the depicted object to integrate knowledge regarding ecological, economic, and social issues, including local knowledge (c) it has the capacity for global and local sharing of knowledge (d) it rears knowledge to the poor and marginalized groups (e) it has the capacity for long-term research (f) it has academic freedom and institutional autonomy and (g) it is subjected to mankind accountabilities. 11) In order for higher education to become more(prenominal) sustainable, guinea pig and international sustainability results were developed.The sustainability declarations for higher education, which are stated according to chronological orders, are as follow The capital of Sweden an nouncement on the Human Environment (1972), Tbilisi solvent (1977), University Presidents for a Sustainable Future The Talloires announcement (1990), The Halifax Declaration (1991), Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development Chapter 36 Promoting command, cosmos Awareness and Training (1992), Ninth International Association of Universities lag accede The Kyoto Declaration (1993), Association of Commonwealth Universities Fifteenth Quinquennial Conference Swansea Declaration (1993), CRE Copernicus Charter (1994) and International Conference on Environment and Society Education and Public Awareness for Sustainability Declaration of Thessaloniki (1997) (Wright 1).The Stockholm Declaration of 1972 was the first declaration ever made for the sustainability of higher education. Its focus is on the relationship of sympathy and environment. The declaration failed to protect the right of natures and it is clearly centered on human (Wright 2). The Tibilisi D eclaration was created during the conference by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural face (UNESCO) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) on 1977. The Tbilisi Conference echoed the sentiments of the Stockholm Declaration by stating that environmental education should be provided to populate of all ages, all levels of academic aptitude and must be delivered in twain formal and non formal environments. (Wright 2)The Talloires Declaration was the first statement made by university administrators of a commitment to sustainability in higher education. It stated that university heads must provide leadership and support to mobilize internal and external resources so that their institutions serve to this urgent challenge. (Wright 2-3) The Kyoto Declaration of 1990 was created during the Ninth International Association of Universities Round Table with the attendance of 90 international university leaders.Agenda 21 and the United Nations Commission on Environme nt and Development Conference in Rio de Janeiro are twain important conferences in environmental sustainability and biodiversity. The Kyoto Declaration is closely related to these two significant conferences (Wright 5). Almost 400 universities from 47 countries attended the ratification of the Swansea Declaration. One of its important contributions is the prioritization of the third world or the less developed countries. The slopped countries must support those less developed countries regarding sustainable development among universities (Wright 5-6).The Thessaloniki Declaration of 1997 was ratified during the UNESCO Conference on Environment and Society Education and Public Awareness For Sustainability that was held in Thessaloniki, Greece. The declaration argued that the concept of environmental sustainability must be clearly linked with poverty, population, food security, democracy, human rights, peace and health and a respect for traditional cultural and ecological knowledge. (Wright 7) handle Beach confederation College is one of those universities that includes sustainability in their curriculum. cover Beach federation College is committed to providing the best educational hazard for our current students while ensuring that the same opportunity for victory is available to our future students as well.Therefore our entire educational organization has dedicated itself to focusing on improving the three areas of sustainability on our campuses and in our community environmental protection, economic growth and social responsibility. ( palm Beach society College Sustainability) The above passage is the mission statement of do by Beach fraternity College as stated in their website.Palm Beach conjunction College promotes environmental sustainability by teaching their students about it. They also enhance the awareness of their students regarding sustainability. Palm Beach Community College is a very good example on how higher education can promote sustainability. Palm Beach Community College has many activities that practice sustainable development not only for their students but also for the whole community. Palm Beach Community College is indeed a very great model for promoting sustainability. A good example for this is the use of fountain buildings in their university.Green buildings are buildings made of materials that are environment friendly. They also made renovations of existing buildings in order to attain great sustainability (Building and Renovation). Also through energy conservation, sustainability is attained. In order to conserve energy, the fervour in the campus is composed of bulbs that consume less energy. Air conditioning consumes rangy amount of energy. In order to lessen energy consumption, the university introduced technological innovations to their air conditioners and also the university implemented the greater temperature in their classrooms (Energy Management). Palm Beach Community College also im proves their landscaping and grounds.Improvement on landscape and grounds that were mentioned in the website are reducing pesticide use, planting native vegetation, minimizing lawn space, removing pavement, or designing wildlife habitat areas. These activities not only promote environmental sustainability but also viewing aesthetic value of the campus (Grounds / Landscaping). Palm Beach Community College believes that wildlife must be saved so that the next generation will be able to see those endangered species. One good example of wildlife conservation is the protection of owls inside the campus. The owls give the campus with lesser rodent population in reverse (Wildlife). Services in Palm Beach Community also shore up environmental sustainability. They encourage their students to eat foods from plants like vegetables and fruits.They also reject students to use non-environment friendly packaging of food like Styrofoam and plastics (Food Service). Green clean is an approach to janitorial services that offers better environmental performance and improved proletarian health and safety, while retaining the same sanitation quality as traditional, more chemical-intensive methods. (Housekeeping) The university also pushes the use of environment-friendly cleaning products. Recycling is the best way for fade management. All bollix ups that can be still used must be reused or recycled in order to lessen the wastes that are being throw away. By this, pollution can be avoided (Waste Management). Sustainable procurement involves making conscious purchasing choices to conserve resources, mitigate pollution and waste, and promote a healthy economy. (Procurement)Toxic chemicals and substances are used in printing but Palm Beach Community College promotes another way of printing which is green printing. The university encourages their students to use recycled papers, double-sided printing, and soy-based inks that are not toxic and less noisome in the environment (Printing). PBCC defines service-learning as a teaching method that increases student engagement and success through community involvement to apply theories or skills being taught in a course. (Service Learning)Through service learning, the students are unfastened to real life social issues and by that the students can learn how to apply sustainability in order to improve the environment, economy and quality of life. PBCC encourages students to join ecology clubs in order for them to join co-curricular activities regarding the environment. Palm Beach Community College offers students the opportunity to become actively involved with award winning clubs and organizations, by promoting the development of leadership skills, challenging special interests and encouraging interaction with other students. (Mission tilt & Student Clubs & Organizations at the Boca Raton Campus)Some of the events sponsored by Palm Beach Community College are Earth Day, Coastal Cleanup, Transportation teddy and Green Expo. These events are very important to the environment since it is when environmental sustainability is practiced. It is also a very good time for PBCC to educate other people about sustainable development of the environment. As an individual, what can we do to our environment? Palm Beach Community College suggests some shipway that we can do for the welfare of the environment. Some of these ways are conservation of energy and water, waste management at home and at work and living a green lifestyle (What Can I Do).Not only the youth and the adults can serve as stewards of environmental rehabilitation, the kids can also help. Palm Beach Community College offers activities for kids that can enhance their awareness on environmental sustainability and at the same time they are enjoying and learning. Some of these activities are gorilla in the green house, Fish in the lake and National geographic kids (Green for Kids). stinkpot emission and the use of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are some of the problems that are being encountered in transportation. Since transportation is a necessity inside the campus, Palm Beach Community College implements ways and means in minimizing environmental degradation due to waste by-products of transport vehicles.Alternative fuels, such as ethanol and electricity, carpooling incentives, increased bike accessibility, and other solutions are being explored on campuses crossways the country and as a result, these campuses are saving money, reducing degree centigrade dioxide emissions, decreasing water runoff, and realizing myriad other benefits. (Transportation) In the world we are living right now, we can say that the environment is not that sustainable and it has now less capacity to support life. The people nowadays are destroying the nature that God had given us. It is not only the environment that we are not taking care of but also the lives of the future generations. We are leaving then but pro blems on environment and low quality of life.What we need right now are stewards of environments who will restore its sweetie and sustainability. Through higher education, agents of environmental sustainability were being created. One example of the universities that produces individuals that are concerned to the environment is the Palm Beach Community College. It not only opens the eyes of students on current issues regarding the environment but it also brings-up the awareness and sense of responsibilities of students. By that, environmental sustainability is attained. Also, in our own little ways we can bring back what we have lost. If only each and every(prenominal) individual will help on the restoration of the environment, attaining sustainability will be faster.

Legality of the bill of rights

School is a private school with three hundred students ranging from grade 7 to 12, and 30 staff members and t from each oneers. At the request of doctrine Symons, an asset list followed by a qualitative risk sagacity was conducted and documented In order to ensure the proper direct of security necessitate for each asset. There are two servers running serve for Premier Collegiate School, the first for administration businesses and the second for the students needs.These servers are vital to the confidentiality, Integrity, and availability of this schools services and business functions. Data housed on these servers must be protected and kept confidential, and the proper laterality and authentication methods should be utilize as well. The principle maintains a notebook computer that is used for both(prenominal) business and personal uses and therefore is critical in maintaining a unsex environment at all times and even remotely. Students are required to have privately owne d laptops so he same pillowcase of security would also be required as well.These critical assets each generate revenue or represents intellectual property of the governing. Other assets such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the administrators, teachers, and student desktops provided by Premier Collegiate School would be considered major because it contains customer privacy data that must be the right way protected. Other major assets include routers, switches, wireless access points, cabling, and server racks. IT personnel, students, and staff are also considered security risks and therefore he proper level of user security awareness training, workshops, and seminars should be provided to users on the network.Other security measures such as an acceptable usage policy and password policies should be decently implemented to ensure users are responsible for and sympathize their actions on the network. In addition, It would be best practice to implement the proper administrative, techni cal, and physical safeguards to decent secure each asset. Administrative safeguards are actions and rules implemented to protect information. technological safeguards are applied to reward and software information systems.Physical safeguards are actions that an organization takes to protect Its actual, tangible resources. Unit 1 Assignment 1 in order to ensure the proper level of protection required for each asset. There are confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this schools services and business and the proper authorization and authentication methods should be implemented as are responsible for and understand their actions on the network. In addition, it would organization takes to protect its actual, tangible resources.

University Success

r atomic number 18 Canyon University strives to support student learning by creating an online confederacy. A community feeling inside an online course can help me as hearty as other students stay motivated. Online classrooms have the same characteristics as a traditional classroom however, the class instructors direct course materials through a Grand Canyon University online portal. The course instructor presents topic-based questions to the students in the classroom gathering that allow quislingismism of student and instructor thoughts, debates, and experiences.The online interaction mingled with classmates as well as instructor creates a virtual community where classmates and instructor can rely on each other while portion each other to stay motivated. The online classroom relies on collaboration between students and instructor in order to promote successful learning experiences. quislingism in an online classroom consists of student responses to the instructors questio ns. As students put their individual thoughts, other students respond to them adding their own perspectives, experiences, and knowledge.Once the conversations volley can and forth thru ought the courses main forum true collaboration begins. According to the text University Success E2, The keys to avoiding isolation are communication, collaboration, and networking (Grand Canyon University, 2012). It is clear that collaboration in both an online and a traditional classroom is reliant on instruction, participation, as well as feedback and it is most effective when students introduce several times a day.It is imperative that students are aware that they are responsible for their own collaboration by participating in interactions with other classmates and the instructor through the class wall, individual forum, e-mail, or chat rooms. A major advantage that comes from effective collaboration is the skills that students gain from being actively involved in the classroom that is necess ary for almost every career. My prospective career as a teacher depends on effective collaboration among my peers and me as it ensures professional development and school improvements.Some students use collaboration to network beyond the classroom. For instance, networking with family, friends, coworkers, Twitter, Facebook, or other discussion forums opens up portals to advertise collaboration with non-GCU students. Further collaboration expands the students minds as well as offers more information or perspectives. Furthermore, networking is beneficial to professionals in any career work because it expands professional knowledge, keeps professionals abreast of new business trends, offers career and personal opportunities, as well as provides business leads.

Managing Human Resources, Diethelm Travel Sri Lanka

Abstract The research sets out to evaluate the impact of employee motive, loss leadership and fellowship and the judicatureal tillage of quandary operate Sir Lankan with wish to employee cognitive process and gaining competitive advantage in its respective market. This research enables me to high gearschoollight my clipping passing at plight be actives and to identify problems with regard to the proposed topics and to recognize attainable solutions at bottom the frame feeds of Human Resource oversight. plight trip up Sir Lankan Dilemma breaks is angiotensin-converting enzyme of Sir Lands lead-in destination forethought companies which boasts over 35 long time of experience. Formerly which is know as Hem Tours, and in 2009 Hem Tours merged with Dilemma Travel Thailand. Their main focus is to provide customize quality ramn unravel experiences to their apprized customers in the world. Their service Includes re exhibiting tour operations, handling frequent trav elers and chemical mathematical group Inclusive tours, transport services etc.From an Internal point of view they value employees need to learn and grow to reach desired heights and to run into c argoner aspirations. To support this Dilemma Travels Sir Lankan provides recognized instruct programs, course counselor-at-law for new employees to develop inherent capabilities and acquire new dexteritys. With an understanding of the particular that continues learning is essential for professional harvest-tide for an individual and corporate aim the management Invests considerable amount of resources of employees for them to develop their competencies.The recognition provided for the talented employee group running(a) at Dilemma Travels, hand well-nigh repays, compensation packages that ch everyenges the highest in the country, lovable annual exertion bon theatrical roles, medical insurances and weekly fitness programs for eligible employees argon some of the pauperizations make headwayers use by the troupe. With this take of Importance and considering the modern tell of Dilemma Travels and their operations with regard to their culture, leadership and the level of motivation provided for employees the rest between current practices and possible improvements essential be addressed.Problem Statement Considering the current operative standards of Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan it is evident that the majority of the younger employees form considerable room for expansion to wagerer themselves as professionals. But in recent years these professionals seeking opposite opportunities opt to leave the compe very In search of career advance. This Issue has aban through with(p)d(p) me the motivation to happen upon out the reasons behind this Issue. With this in mind I conducted the research in found to find out the route causes contributing to this problem.This hear ordain show the level of motivation and employee satisfaction at bottom Dilemma Trave l Sir Lankan which will enable me to identify said problems, if in that respect are any with regard to the figuren criteria. If identified to formulate solutions or to give recommendations accordingly. 1. What forms of motivation are available to employees of the Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan? 2. What meanss proceed workforce more or little in the Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan? . What role(s) does motivation play on employees process in Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan? 4. What is the correlation between motivation and employee performance in the Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan?Understanding the importance of employee motivation increase productivity With motivated employees from an internal or from an external source shows offense for work which in turn provides better performance. If motivation is provided employees will work hard to set and reach goals. Companies that offers challenging jobs moldiness provide a framework that lets the employee know that the management rusts their abilities to perform which gives them confidence to complete their given tasks. This sort of attitudes of the work force transports forth increase productivity which is very respectable for an makeup. Bimodal Bath, 2011) Improved Employee Morale In order to boost employee morale continues motivation is obligatory. A work force with high morale is ready to take up any challenge without any issue. This high surface team created in the employees mindset provides added values for an organisation with less absenteeism and employee conflicts. (Bimodal Bath, 2011) Increase Loyalty Increased loyalty is gained by an judicature with employee motivation. Recruiting and train new staff is an expensive task for any company consequently a loyal work force is essential to gain a good reputation in the market and to reduce this added expenditure. Chowder, M. (1997),) Better creativeness The passion towards their crinkles enables employees to express their views and ideas freely. This fact gives them the assurance and the understanding of their important get within the organization so that they can contribute more towards the procession of themselves that further brings benefits for the company. Enhancing the creative factor is at that placefore essential and the manages hold back to digit a motivational structure and a leadership style that facilitates employees in providing new suggestions, ideas and methods of expansion with regard to delivering cost effective performance. (N.D. Baboon, 2011) Individual growth and Improvement A motivated workforce takes up new tasks heedless of how challenging it might be and would provide best efforts in complete them. For this reason further learning and training programs are essential. The environment created within an organization tit regard to completion is also an added motivational factor for employees to increase performance. All these factors comes together in forming expertise within a workforce of an organization. Thes e experts and their efforts must(prenominal) be carefully evaluated and appreciated by given the appropriate appraisal and promotion opportunities.Criteria 1 Out of 40 employees, questionnaire has been distributed to 10 males and 10 females as per table 1. 1 below. 1. 1 IP -Increased Productivity MIME -Increased Employability IL -Incrementally SC-Better Creativity GIG -Individual Growth and Improvement years. approximately of respondents are found from the age of 18 24 range and there are no employees found in a higher place 45 years from study area. Table 1. Present the age distribution of employees. 1. BC-Better Creativity 18 years to 24 years course of instruction shows tremendous growth of productivity, morale, loyalty, better creativity and individual growth and improvement comparing to other age categories. This category represents teenagers and very young crowd of the company who are in the first place working in the operative level and at a trainee level. And accordi ng to Abraham capital of the Russian Federation in his Hierarchy of Need, those within this category are preoccupied with high(prenominal) order need such as esteem and self-actualization, having had their lower order inescapably taken care off (Moscow,1943).Criteria 3 A motivated person has the awareness of precise goals which must be achieved in specific ways therefore he/she directs its effort to achieve such goals (Nell et al. , 2001). motivate person has more energy to achieve their specific goals than denominated person. In Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan after observing along the staff categories (Table 1. 3), I go noticed some tilts between old level, tactical level and useable level employees. When productivity and employee morale is considered operational level employees show upion is higher than others.Tactical level employees shows low values in all the categories. At the selfsame(prenominal) time senior level member are showing progression in individual growth and i mprovement than others. 1. 3 While assessing above situation, we can identify lack of progression in tactical level employees. This means there are some difficulties in that level and there is less opportunity to move forward from tactical level. Factors that Motivate Employees at pretend While considering motivational factors which we discussed earlier, the following is an overall assessment with regard to the employees of Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan.According to Herrings (1959), Hygiene factors relate to satisfaction at work and also e suggest that managers can give their employees more authorization to their Job and offer them direct and individual feedback in order to motivate and help employees to connect to their work (Wartime,2007). Productivity, morale, individual growth and improvement are higher than other factors. This means most of the employees are performing healthful and at the same time they are able to do the work with minimum supervision. On the other hand employe e loyalty and their creativity have gone down.This will affect the company growth indirectly therefore employees searching better opportunities for their career development opt to leave the company. Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan should take necessary actions to build up employee loyalty and their creativity. The Rennins Liker opening could be adopted in such instances where it mainly focuses on high performing managers changing their perspective and addressing key motivating factors which enables these frustrated employees to change their own perspective and helps them to be accepted in a verifying group.Findings Forms of motivation available to workers The motivational packages given to the workforce at Dilemma Travel is advantageously inadequate. This situation is substantially worse in the operational level. At the actual level it shows similar trend as to the operational level. The senior management however are empower to professional allowances, entertainment allowances, as so me of the added incentives available to them. The room for improvement and career progression is considerably poor at the tactical level.Employees at Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan stand that if the working environment is conductive they will be motivated to give better performance. Some of them perceive efficient work. As stated by Herbert (1959) the hygiene factors effects and concentrate on workplace satisfaction. Employee Job surgical operation The parting of Motivation Motivation being polar factor as presented by Robert (2005) a managers Job is to discover the work done through with(predicate) employee is possible.With regard to Job performance the evidence show that encouragement is crucial and conferred to the workforce who will help them to expand and deliver. Reward for Good Work Done At Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan monitory rewards in the forms of extra time allowances and in form of bonuses are provided as preferred forms of motivation. According to ling (1964) people are motivated by how much they want something and how presumable they think they are going to get it It is advisable for the management to reward employees by understanding their desires and structuring their incentives accordingly. leadershiphip and fellowship Effective leadership is a ad hominem role that requires the blending of motivational, strategic and management skills to align focus, energy and drive whilst creating a culture which encourages individual thinking and attainment. Ultimately leadership is near pushing ideas and thoughts forward, bearing responsibility and aspirations to bring out the confidence of others. Leaders are required to have greater project leadership and influencing skills than in the past.Summary of some key leadership skills Managerial keep track of progress against targets and take action on slippage Trustworthy speak honestly and openly and expect the same from others Aware understand each individuals abilities, limitations, motives and driver s Influential use vision, argument and important stakeholders to sway opinion Visionary know what needs to be achieved and how to go about achieving it Inspirational create and bring to look an image of how things can be ASCII (1998) have narrated that Managing People a Critical Role for Every Manager, ND when it comes to managing people, all managers must be concerned to some degree.The leaders at Dilemma Travels must focus on the following, bold and innovative system of recruitment and induction of employees. Better and extensive training facilities and chances. Programmed / designated on Job training and courses. Strategies implemented to provide mental balance within the environment. Audit and control system is standardized. The time management in individual(a) organization is implemented. Working under innovative concept of efficiency / effectiveness. tractableness in ideas and procedure implementation. New Technology is given preference. Effective and trip means of co mmunications are used. Personal welfare and efficiency of employees leads to better out put. 16. Probability of misuse of power.At Dilemma Travels, the leaders are mainly chosen by the qualities and traits mount which states certain people have contagious characteristics or personality traits therefore limited training is provided for the managers with regard to managing people. This poses a number of drawbacks as situational factors and employee behavior within the organization is ignored. Almost all of the managers eve an despotic behavioral style of leadership that often drop employee input towards decision making. Many tactical level staff believes that a democratic approach by the managers would be beneficial for employee motivation and for the organization as a total. An argument can be made for an autocratic method at the senior managerial level where quick decisions must be made and team agreement is not always necessary for a succeederful outcome.With Linens three par ticipatory leadership styles conclude that the most effective style is democratic and extensive alternative styles lead to revolution and denomination. Understanding the situation and formulating contingencies are some key skills that a leader should consider. The three types of forces (situation, follower, and leader) that were identified by Attainment and Schmidt in 1958, understood and used properly could benefit the managers at Dilemma Travels. The main problem that I see is the lack of training provided to the people who considered being leaders of the company. The level of action centered leadership that is needed mainly in the operational and tactical levels of the organization is inconsistent that forces employees to show denominated behavior to work with antithetic managers.When assessing the qualities with the transformational method a leader is able to examine and search for the needs and motives of others while seeking a higher agenda of needs. Acting as the change age nt and a visionary a transformational leader is equal of inspiring people and with a clear vision is able to scoot enthusiasm and energy. At Dilemma Travels it is ideal to adopt this method of leadership as transformational leaders show integrity, and they know how to develop a juicy and inspiring vision of the future. They deviate people to achieve this vision, they manage its delivery, and they build ever stronger and more successful teams.However, managers must often need to oblige different styles to fit a specific group or situation, and this is why its useful to gain a thorough understanding of other styles as well. A method must be developed at Dilemma Travels in order to provide this knowledge to the managers with a structured training programmer that will enable them to use these theories for the betterment of the organization. Organizational culture the personality of an organization that guides how employees think and act on the Job is central to the values, beliefs, inter-personal behaviors, and attitudes to stakeholders that lay how the organization does its Job.Culture is a key factor not only in achieving organisational goals, but in attracting and keeping desirable employees, creating a domineering public image, and building respectful relationships with stakeholders. In his seminal 1992 work entitled Organizational Culture and Leadership, Edgar H. Scheme, Professor Emeritus in the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, offered a definition of what he called an by trial and error based abstraction. Organizational culture, he said, is a pattern of shared basic assumptions that was learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration.Culture is important because it shapes What the organization considers to be right decisions What employees consider to be appropriate behaviors and how they interact with each other within the organization How individuals, work groups and the organization as a whole deal with work assigned to them The speed and efficiency with which things get done The organizations capacity for and receptiveness to change The attitudes of outside stakeholders to the organization In short, an organizations culture can be supportive of or hinder the implementation of new initiatives and the achievement of its overall goals. Does the organizational culture at Dilemma Travels need a change?As highlighted by the study many employees at Dilemma Travels are disquieted with the working conditions and the environment. To solve this issue the best possible way is to diverge at the core framework of the organization which is its culture and move on to the leadership styles and employee motivation. When an organization is faced by a changing market or regulatory environment, or has identified the need for a gaolbreak in strategic direction, the implementation of a new technology, or the induction of new processes, the established cul ture whitethorn impede progress unless it, too, is changed. For that reason, the success of major organizational change initiatives are almost always reliant on internal cultural change Edgar H. Scheme. Circumstances change Stakeholder expectations The demographics of the organization change New technologies are deployed A proactive method must be adopted at Dilemma Travels in order to bring this hanged. A step-by-step top down approach could be beneficial for the organization in this regard. Design and Build phases of implementation Visioning session(s) with key stakeholders and hearing assessment (performance against computer programme) Leadership coaching &038 action planning Team innovation (team-building) Change readiness Identification &038 enrolment of change agents within the organization Identification of impacts of new technology &038 processes on individuals agent training Employee Workshops slaying stage Executive briefings on the initiative Change leadership plan Co mmunication planOrientation session for project team members Training plan for team members Change leadership training Team building sessions Leadership fusion The deliver and operate face Workforce transition support including colligate HER policies &038 programs training performance evaluation compensation reward and recognition career development and planning Skills gap analysis Change The management should ensure that communication process should flow in all directions, upward, downward, in analog to reach outsiders results. For the operational level staff providing added rewards along with their monthly panic would be an ideal method to increase motivation. The poorly structured working schedule for all the level of employees is another issue that needs to be addressed. Identifying employees living condition, traveling methods, non-work related commitments and responsibilities an arranging possible methods to create a better scenario is another contributing factor to increa se motivation.Creating new Job opportunities which will help the current employees with regard to career progression is one of the essential steps that could be taken to keep the expertise within the company Leadership needs assessment for improvement. For improvement of behavior skill and traits of personality to perform better leadership roles. Positive reinforcement methods must be taken with regard to new innovative ideas. At the present stage an employees efforts to contribute new ideas to a certain department or the company itself is constantly met with an indulgence but a pathetic approach by the senior management. (Negative Reinforcement) This contributes to discouragement of making further suggestions and may as yet consider of leaving the job.In an instance, by comparison if an employee is encouraged to assisting in the place by providing new ideas (Positive Reinforcement) would benefit and generate better ideas. When considering distribution of rewards the management mu st understand that each employee idea of an ideal incentive would be different from another. It is prudent for the management to reward workers according to their hearts desires than providing them with something that may not please them. Which intern creates a denominating factor believing that they are not properly compensated for their efforts The research shows that many employees of Dilemma Travel Sir Lankan would

Public Park: An Invaluable Organ of a Town Essay

groundworkWhile the entire world is facing with the problem of environmental contaminant, existence greennesss be becoming important than ever. Due to the rise of minatory industries and in the number of vehicles, the air is constantly sustainting polluted, and especi eachy in the cities, where the industrial activity and the movement of transport is very high, air pollution is heavily contri excepting to the diseases the sames of asthma.Under these conditions, the importance of creating or maintaining a green open stead in and around the primaeval stadium of the city has become a matter of concern to the civic bodies of crosswise the globe. But a public approximate range does not only fork over us oxygen, it does much more than that, ranging from raising the pride of the abode to constituent an ideal place for recreation and intellectual activity (Hume, 2007). Because of these reasons, the townspeople planners incessantly feel the urge of having a public put in th e town, and in the process, they either chance upon a natural place and shape it, or generate to create it from the strike down.  Therefore, this essay checks the main functions of public put with the specimen of the above two types of parks, before reaching a conclusion.MAIN FUNCTIONS OF A PUBLIC PARKBroadly speaking the main functions of a park can be divided into 10 categories, and they areSpace for sensible activity place are the ideal places for physical activities, and in good example of nigh towns, it proves to be the only place to have physical workouts. This inferior of parks prove invaluable especially to the senior citizens, who need to have simple physical workouts like walking regularly. For children, parks are ever a place of delight in many ways, as parks not only yields them the much needed space to lead, but withal lets them the background to observe a slice of nature from close.Space for accessible functions. lay serve as the gathering place of the town, where public meets or any other social or cultural event scan place. Through this, parks help to fulfil the need for social communication.Connects the town with nature. With big trees, flowers or lakes, parks house birds, other animals, amphibians, fishes and other aquatic organisms. This creates a natural ecology, which helps the environment in many ways. The big trees nurse carbon-dioxide and release oxygen for the city, all the spot absorbing the noise of the city.Serves as the landmark of the town. It is always helpful to have a landmark in the city and parks fulfil that need, thereby making it easy for all remember the complex roadmaps of the city.Heritage Item Parks also gambol as the pride of the city. With time it becomes a symbol of heritage, the identity of a town, which, in many ways contribute to the growth and maturement of a town.Place to gather mental peace. In this era of congested living accommodations and stressful city-life, parks are the place t o refresh the mind in open air. In this regards it serves the needs of human mind also.Place for originative or constructive discussion. An open space amid the concrete-filled city can unloosen the creativity of human mind. In a town, park is that place to provide that open place. There are scores of instances where the famous poets or writers pull together their ideas while visiting a public park.It helps to unify the society. With the habit of meeting here regularly, the citizens of town gradually become close and unified. Parks play a silent, yet important role to create solidarity among the citizens of a town.It beautifies the city. Parks provide a much-needed relief for the human eyes with its greens. A well-planned park always adds to the beauty of the town. Landscape architecture can best be exhibited in the parks.Influences local economy. Last, but not the least, it influences the economy of a town, as the properties around a park become costlier (Top 10, 2007).HOW THEY A RE ACCOMMODATED TOWN homeworkThe making of a park with all the above abilities depend on several factors. Like, the status of the town in the political map of the country, the range to access the open land in the heart of the city, scope flesh elaborate roadways around it and the scope to create an attractive environment with lakes, walkways, fountains or relics. It also has to have proper sewerage system and other systems committed to maintenance.However, in red-brick times, when there is little scope to start a project like public park with open land, landscape architects are converting the abandoned places to amusement park. While the Hyde Park of London provides an examples of the first type, Landschaftspark of Germany speaks for the modern times.HYDE PARKHyde Park, one of the Royal Parks of London, is placed in central position of the city. Once it was a hunting ground of the British royals, and afterward it was converted into a public park around 1637, complete with lakes , walkways, artefacts, relics, overweening of greens and what not. It has everything one could ask for in a park. At 1733 it was aided by landscaping  too. However, The town planners of London have always enjoyed some returnss to make Hyde Park a spectacular place to visit.Firstly, it belongs to the capital city and has a good climate, along with a great river thus furnish with political and environmental improvements. There are instances of royal patronage for the development of this open space through centuries, while the intellectuals and the politicians have also been add their support. That helped the town planners to make it a prime landmark of the city and to tack the city road map accordingly.Secondly, the planners did not have to struggle to get open land, or didnt have to try too effortful to create the green environment. These factors have made landscaping an easy line of products for them (Landscape, 2007).LANDSCHAFTSPARKSituated in Duisburg Nord, Germany. Landschaftspark is designed by Peter Latz 1991, where he has converted an abandoned site of two production plants (steel and coal) from a potential environmental threat to a unique(p) visitors spot. Here he utilized the advantage of modern technology twain to retain the past and introduce the present. In the process, he had to be innovative in every stage of its making, be it using phytoremediation, or using the old gas tanks for scuba-diving.The old bunkers of the factories or the big factory shades were converted into garden and concert halls, while the old sewerage system of the production plants was converted into an aquatic stone with rainwater. Yet, the aura of the old time remains as it is, with its chief elements like railways, plant shades and old walkways.Here Peter had to work from scratch to reinstate a part of history amid the modern times. Naturally this unique creation has become a favourite joint for the tourists all crossways the globe. It may not be bestowed wi th natural advantages like Hyde Park, yet it carried the scope to recreated an exhibition of vintage industrialization attempts of humans and Peter has utilized that advantage to the full. It may not have evolved out of the need to serve the city its much needed oxygen, yet it has saved the area from dangerous pollutants go away by the production plants and also lend to the economy of the area, besides component part as a landmark of Duisburg, Nord (Landschaftspark, 2007). The success of the amusement parks like Landschaftspark also hints virtually the possible future of landscape architecture.CONCLUSIONParks serve many a purpose to the society, especially in a city, where its utility value is invaluable. With time, old, open places encouraged the city planners to landscape the place and convert it as a public park as has happened in the case of Hyde Park of London. In the modern time, the lack of space in the heartland of a city may have limited the scope for the planners, but that is not the end of the road, as Landschaftspark has shown the way as to how a heaven can be recreated out of a seemingly hell. This also speaks about the power of human creativity under difficult conditions. In all, both Hyde Park and Landschaftspark prove a single point that public park is truly an invaluable organ of a town.REFERENCESHyde Park. 2007.Landscape and open space planning in London. 2007.Hume, C. 2007. Why parks are important. tissue Article.Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord. Web Encyclopedia. Freeing the soil from pollutants with the help of specific plants

The Effect of Violence in Movies to the Society

The last few years have seen an increase in furiousness in images. Action movies appear to get more(prenominal) exciting than the previous movies each(prenominal) year and therefore, more craze is shown. Many multitude complain that madness is influencing our country and its youths which ca social functions many youths to fascinate about wildness, eventually experience the spell of effect for themselves and go crazy go on a cleanup position spree or more or lessthing similar. Violence in movies do in some way affect youths and people in society.It affects peoples views of themselves, other people, the institution and peoples thoughts on certain things. Beliefs or values and attitudes may be affected by furiousness in movies. For fount, if a certain soul is a racialist and believes white people be superior to black people, they may wait a movie which displays racial discrimination, much(prenominal) as Ameri finish level X, and after viewing red exercise against blacks, the person may determine to take satisfy and go out and kill black people. This is an example of someones beliefs/values and attitudes being affected by violence in movies.It is believed that any(prenominal) is seen at the movies, children will praise certain shows and characters featured and try to be like them. They look up to their hero and indigence to do everything that person does. In an motion packed movie, the hero or the good guy is love by children and they may try to copy their actions, thus leading to violence. So it is believed that violence in movies will increase physical aggressiveness among children and violent criminal behavior. mavin method by which violent movies may enhance criminal violence is simple imitation.Two surveys of young American masculine violent felons found that 22-34% had imitated crime techniques they surveiled on an action packed movie. On the questionnaire I conducted, 60% of the people who participated in the questionnaire sai d they have an inspire to go fight, kill, save people, etc, after watching a movie full-of-the-moon of violence and action. This is only an urge, yet may still result in the action of violence taking place. Children do imitate the behavior of models such as those portrayed in movies and other things such as moving-picture show.They do so because the ideas that argon shown to them on television are more cunning to the viewer than those the viewer can think up him/herself. This can be seen with the advent of the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Young children cannot seem to get decent of these fictional characters and will portray them often. But it is Not only can violence in movies inspire children to take action, but can excessively inspire and empower potential criminals. Of course, not everyone who watches a Rambo or exterminator movie change by reversals a criminal. The harm of violent television is felt most by the already vulnerable segments of the population.Alfred Blu mstein, dean of John Heinz School of in the public eye(predicate) Policy and Management at Carnegie-Mellon, notes that the glorification of violence on television has little effect on most folks, but it has a healthy effect on kids who are poorly socialized . It dehumanizes them and becomes a self-fulfilling process. reiterate exposure to violence in movies may make violence seem ordinary or normal to these type of people. Perhaps all sides of the movies and violence debate can agree that reducing movie violence should be considered as efforts to change the conditions that make the children so vulnerable and dangerous in the first place.Maybe ratings of movies should be taken more seriously and be more strict so that children cannot view violence which would choke off their minds with violence and criminal behavior. In the questionnaire, the majority said that the movie The Matrix entertained them. This is an action film, and when asked whether they have an urge to go fight, k ill, save people, etc, after watching an action film contained with violence, 40% replied no. This may show that some people like to watch movies with violence no matter how it is rated purely for cheer and that it would not effect their attitudes towards violence in a negative way.These days, violence in movies are seen to be very realistic. The fighting, the pain, the blood and guts are made to look real. These are all done through the use of computers and digital editing. So the violence in movies may seem real, but in fact it is all fake and have just been performed by the click of a mouse. The question is, why do filmmakers show violence as their main subject in movies and why do they want the violence to seem real? There are many reasons to this. One could be to impress audience, another could be the demand for more action films, or another could be that action movies seem to be more popular nowadays.But the main reason would be to make the movie full of excitement which wo uld most probably make the movie become huge and popular, which would then result in a lot of specie for the filmmaker. This is not right and portrays filmmakers as selfish people only spirit for money, as they do not stop to think that the violence could pollute childrens minds. Filmmakers could say this could be prevented by making the ratings high, but that certainly does not stop children from watching the movie.They may be taken in to watch it with someone older for supervision, or simply view it on video once it is released. Fixing the problems of children and movie violence is not easy. There are many factors that have to be considered and people to be convinced. This problem will, no doubt, never go away and continue to get worse as the years go by. However, there are measures that can be taken to prevent the children from ever being exposed to such things. After all, what is the world going to be like when the people who are now children are running the world?

Case Study on Golf Equipment Industry

The application overview The retail gross revenue of play equipment effort, which includes play niners, bags, balls, gloves and footwear, declined from soundly-nigh $4 billion to about $3 billion in 2003 and thusly rebounded to around $3. 8 billion in 2007 with many threats remaining. The changes in the retail value of play game equipment industry atomic number 18 closely associate to the summation number of golf players and total rounds of golf vie in the country. The troth pose of golf has dropped approximately 21% from 27. 5 zillion in 1998 to 22. million in 2007, being the superst decrease rate during the same closure among selected sports and recreational activities including bicycle riding, fishing, hunting, running, swimming, tennis and workout at fitness club (Source National Sporting Goods Association in Gamble 2008, C-80,). The total rounds of golf played in the United States had seldom changed in the last decades, it is curiously flat from 2004 to 200 7, with slight than 1% changes recorded (Source National Golf hindquarters in Gamble 2008, C-80). 7% of golf equipment sales be from internality golfers-those playing at least 8 times a course of study and averaging 37 rounds a year (Gamble 2008, C-80). Although, there are less players and less rounds played then before, manufacturers are compelled to go ahead with their first appearance and increase schedule and steady boost their spending in tradeing (Stogel 2009). at that place are two types of manufacturers in the golf equipment industry.High-end pencil lead blurs, which include well known name such as TaylorMade-Adidas, Fortune Brand (parent of Titleist and Cobra), Calla counsel, tap, Cleveland and Nike dog-tired huge amount of resources on R&038D for innovative targets and distributed their point of intersection through on and off-course pro shops and major online golf equipment retailers. The low-end manufacturers such as Adam Golf and Dunlop Golf with less w ear outed proficient capabilities exchange their merchandises at attr promptly lower wrongs. They mainly focus on savant and occasional golfers through department store, large sporting comfortablys stores and discounters.The three formation characteristics of the golf equipment industry are the number of golfers, gear design institutions and mail recognition. The United States Golf Association (USGA) and the Royal &038 Ancient Golf bon ton (R&038A) had started placing to a greater extent and more performance regulations to limit the manufacturers ability to develop equipments, clubs and balls, with travel technological innovations, because USGA authoritatives believed that its an effective guidance of protecting historic golf courses that could non be lengthened due to space limitations, but overly ensuring that the skill is the dominant element in determining games achiever.It is believed that such performance regulations had two impacts to the golf industry. Firstl y, it discourages refreshing golfers from taking up the game. Secondly, it equalises the technological differences mingled with the richly-end trade leaders and the low-end producers. In all, the golf equipment industry is a fix-sized marting driven commercialise with current manufacturers, from each one move to capture a bigger food market constituent by ripening reliance on price competitions. The competition in this industry for market component is fierce. The five-forces analysisWe take the five-forces model of competition to analyse the free-enterprise(a) forces in five areas that affects the industry attractiveness. 1. The combative pressures created by the rivalry among competing manufacturers are genuinely so apply and have the greatest effect on the industry attractiveness, mainly due to a. exclusively stellar(a) mug manufacturers are active in delivering advanced products with design innovations in order to change their market standing, b. All ahead(p) brand manufacturers are quite equal in size and capability. They can hardly be distinctiated in boilers suit product performances. . There are fewer purchasers with less demand. d. Equalization of technological capabilities due to restrictive limitation has shortened the differences in equipment performance between low-end and amply-end products. e. There is growing reliance on price competitions. The competitive weapons utilise by companies to outmaneuver one another include a. about brands started the troth of price cutting. The average unit selling price of to the highest degree golf equipments dropped. For example a. Drivers and woods dropped from $231 in 1997 to $174 in 2007. b. Irons dropped from $75 in 1997 to $71 in 2007. c.Footwear dropped from $86 in 1997 to $81 in 2007. d. Golf bags dropped from $126 in 1997 to $116 in 2007. (Source Golf Datatech in Gamble 2008, C79,) b. All brands are spending huge amount on R&038D for technological advancement to give a die an d easier break, they in addition providing a boarder range of equipments to suit golfer with incompatible needs (Rynecki 2001). In addition, some had added adjustable features such as the TaylorMade r7 number one woods, which allow golfers to move west weight plugs among a series of slots located in the rear of the driver to adjust launch angle and left/right dispersion. c.Manufacturers were relying on kind mos contracts with touring schoolmasters to enhance their image. For example, Nike paid tiger Wood nearly $100 million endorsement contract in 2007. d. Custom fitting was offered by virtually manufacturers and pro shops. It became important to gain market destiny as near manufacturers introduced shaft flex options in early 2000s. 2. The competitive pressures associated with the threat of new entrants were weak mainly due to a. The market demand does not essay any increase since the number of golfers and the total rounds played are lessen year after year b. close to go lfers have a very high degree of loyalty. They are highly likely to stick to the brand that they were utilise and habitually have intemperately believes to their favourite touring professionals choices. Along with the high technological product designs that influence most buyers purchase finishs, it has make the debut barriers very high for this industry. c. Almost all existing manufactures are experiencing caustic profit grows in recent years. However, opportunities for new entrants still exist for low-end golf gears market under the current regulatory conditions. The new comer may be rofitable lonesome(prenominal) if it completes the following goals a. Become a fast &038 fill copy cat and compete on a low price. b. Be able to find reliable &038 low cost suppliers overseas. c. Originally has or be able to build good distribution channels, imaging Kmart or Target to have their home brand golf gears. 3. The competitive pressures from the sellers of deputize product raises from a. The raising number of counterfeit equipments produced in China, selling online at attractive prices and ship to the world. b. The boilersuit difficulty of the game, time consuming issues and the high golf fees are the three main barriers for recreational golfers.The current economic crisis had forced many families to cut their spending on leisure activities. As presented in butt 2 of Gambles original case, spell the participation rate for golf was decreasing, the rate for running and workout at a fitness club showed significant increase of approximately 37% and 50% from 1996 to 2007. On the other hand, in December 2003, six leading brand has created an alliance to against counterfeiters and had recorded some successes with Chinese governments willingness of taking severe measures against rampant counterfeiting.Golf, also known as the accurate couple with air, is a challenging sport that suits all age and wake up groups. Its ability of improving social networks, expand ing business opportunities and harmonise domestic conflicts was perceive by its players. The remaining golfers are more likely to be the union golfers those are loyal to the game. Moreover, various governing bodies had roaringly brought golf support into Olympics, starting 2016 Summer Olympics. Thus, the pressures from substitutes are moderate to normal. 4.The competitive pressures stemming from suppliers dicker world-beater were quite weak since a. The clubheads were made by casting houses in Asia, where rarely union power was exercised. The design is owned by those leading brands manufacturers and they are being selective in establishing contracts with surplus offshore casting houses. b. Most brands manufacturers co-develop shafts with suppliers that specializing in shaft design and manufacturing. The collaboration had provided attractive win-win opportunities, but weakens the suppliers bargaining power and feasibility. . Both clubheads and shafts suppliers had rarely chance to integrate themselves and become official club manufacturer due to the high entry barriers, as discussed in force No. 2-new entrants. Golf manufactures need to pay more prudence to background check to casting houses offshore. It is important to initiate effective controls on production and shipping procedures to prevent suppliers selling the same product on black market. 5. The competitive pressure stemming from creational golfers bargaining power were moderate to normal because a.Buyers are the end users, in another word, golfers, who purchase the equipment infrequently and in small quantities. b. The manufacturers brand reputation and images are important to core golfers. c. Most golfers are very loyal to specific leading brand and has strong believes in its product performances. However, d. The demand was declining due to the number of golfers and total rounds played are declining. e. The USGA and R&038A performance regulations had limited and equalized the technological capab ilities of different manufacturers.The competitive pressure stemming from touring professional golfers are strong because their choices have strong influence to core golfers who watches the tournaments. The driving forces analysis The overall golf equipment market is downsizing. There are 3 major driving forces in this industry. Firstly, the regulatory design limitations adopted by USGA and R&038A had driven the competitive changes. As a result, some leading brands capabilities of developing a sweeter swing were limited. Lower-end manufacturers got opportunities to catch up on technological capabilities and had gained more market shares and made more profits than before.In addition, it had lowered the overall profit margins in the industry. Secondly, product innovation is another learn driving forces. Although the battle on developing the most advanced clubs and balls to the market has never stopped, the battle had been upgraded by calling design innovations within golfs governing organizations regulatory limitations. Thirdly, the whole market trends are to be merchandising driven. To play a bankrupt market mix such as understanding buyer interests, increasing product differentiations, appropriate pricing and use effective procession tools is the key task for all(prenominal) manufacturer.Leading brand like Callaway used heavy TV schedule, plus print and radio for mass advertising in order to bring its Big Bertha Steelhead Plus metalwoods and irons to market (Stogel, 2000). Winning endorsement contracts with top tour professionals mitigates images of the brand and influences core golfers purchasing decision. The above driving forces are inter-related and together influencing this mature industry by making the competitions fiercer than ever. The strategic group make up The strategic group map below shows the comparative market sentiments of selected golf equipment manufacturers using price and design innovations/advancement. Note Circles are drawn rough ly proportional to the total revenues of each manufacturer. ) The map provides some indication of brand inclineing in general. It shows that Callaway, Ping and TaylorMade are likely to struggle more with market share competitions. On the other hand, the governing organizations regulation driving force will favour strategic groups like Adam and Nike as the design limitation smoothes the differences among their innovation capabilities to the high-end ones. However, this map may not mean much as most of the product brands have their own advantages and have significant market share in some specific golf equipment.For example, Nike with a very successful record in golf coif and footwear sales, where it was the second leading golf shoes manufacturers, had never grown to 3 percents market shares of golf clubs. In all, Nike is best positioned in this map with almost no overlap with another other brands. Key success factors The key factors determine the success of company competing in the golf equipment industry should be closely joined to the industrys dominant economic characteristics, driving forces and market positions (Thompson, Strickland common chord and Gamble 2010, p. 92).There are several factors that could affect the competition, three of them outranked in importance from three different areas. First of all, in regards to product marketing, a well-known and well-respected brand name influences buyers purchasing decision. Therefore, clever advertising using the appropriate media to gain effective contact with the potential buyers is every golf equipment manufacturers market focus. Over the years, winning endorsement contract with top touring professionals with individual social image had been approved to be the most effective way of creating and enhancing brand image.Nike Golf as a late comer was a star in using endorsement contract to improve brand recognition and boost sales. The company has recorded notable success in golf apparel, footwear and ball market since its 1996 endorsement contract with Tiger Wood. (Gamble 2008, C-96) Product innovation capabilities come next in this competition pool. The overall market is still very sensitive to first-to-market new attributes and features to be added on, even though the industry is considered as mature with knowledge- customers.All leading brands in the industry had put huge amount of resources on R&038D and had delivered several remarkable models to market over the years, although Callaway and TaylorMade seem to be more internationally recognised by their innovation power. Thus, there is no overall market leader in innovation, but leading models in different product group (Woods, Irons, Putters, Golf balls &038 Accessories) for a specific time catch. another(prenominal) key success factor is product distribution related.As we mentioned before, leading manufactures sell their product mainly through on-course and off-course pro shops and most large pro shops have made variety of bran ds and models available in stock. The retailers/sales preferences will more or less influence buyers final decision at point of purchasing. Therefore, the kinship with these retailers is important, especially for brands like TaylorMade-adidas Golf that does not offer consumers the option of purchasing clubs or apparel on its website (Gamble 2008, C-92). Callaway Vs.TaylorMade-adidas, financially The financial performance of a company is usually a good indicator of how well its competitive strategy works in the market. However, the way of translating and comparability companies financial result has never been easy. we take the offshoot rate as an example by looking at the manufactures 2007 total sales revenue, Callaway Golf increased its sales (rounded to the nearest million) by $107M =10% from $1,018M in 2006 to $1,125M in 2007. Callaways net income was more than doubled from $23M to $55M during the same time.That makes the earning per share (EPS) increased from $0. 34 to $ 0. 82. In contrast, TaylorMade-adidas net sales experienced a 52M = 6% decrease from 856M its peak 2006 to 804M in 2007. The companys operate profit has also gone down from 73M to 65M during the same time. It seems that Callaway performed much better than TaylorMade-adidas in 2007. But if we compare the same figures over a 4-year period from 2004 to 2007, Callaways increase in net sales was $109M=20%, comparing to TaylorMade-adidass 171M=27% increase, the result is obviously different.Therefore, both Callaway and TaylorMade-adidas had successfully coped the key competitive forces and gained comparatively healthy financial performances between 2004 and 2007, under the given economic condition. In addition, the growth rates for each product category are also different mainly stem from the differences in innovation capabilities and buyers perception. From the financial data given in the case study, Callaway Golf was easier to achieve growth in manufacturing woods/drivers and iron clubs, s hown 28. 2% and 19% growth during 2004 to 2007.The company had struggled with its golf sales and was unable to make any positivistic growth on it. TaylorMade-adidas Golf found it was easier to obtain growth and kept up(p) the market leader position in the driver category as well as hybrid clubs. Although, TaylorMades irons have a very wide price range from $600 to $1300 per set, with a total market share of 15. 2%, it had never challenged Callaways market lead position in irons. Moreover, TaylorMade-adidas also gained significant sales increases in golf apparel and footwear, shown 107% and 63% during 2004 and 2007. Note All calculations are based on Exhibit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 from Gambles original case. ) Recommendations In order to improve its competitive position, Callaway should continue invest large amount in R&038D to notice its innovation capability and maintain its leading position in iron sets and putter. It should also spend more efforts on marketing issues such as collect ing different customer requirements to help develop new equipments and bring the product line to a wider range that suits every player.More money should be spent on advertising to improve its image as a full-line golf gear manufacturer. To frequently enunciate on selected mould and life style magazines can not only increase its overall brand recognition, but also boost apparel, footwear and other accessories sales. In addition, it is also important to build good relationship with major retailers. This normally includes higher retail outlets supporting funds, sufficient professional trainings to sales representatives and more sales incentives.The improvement opportunities are all related to the main driving forces in the industry. This case analysis recommend Callaway to maintain its current strategy of being the market lead in product performance and innovation, but do not shifting its focus to price wars. Similar to Callaway, TaylorMade-adidas should also keep investing in R&038D to maintain its leading position in drivers and hybrid clubs. They will also need to spend more dollars on advertising of its market share winning apparel and footwear.Find another Tiger and lock him/her into an endorsement contract like what competitor Nike did before is always a bare(a) but effective idea. Finally, the company will be benefit from 2 ways from offering the customer with the option of purchasing clubs and apparel by visiting its website. One is increase sales and avoid changing of attend when visiting retailers that has several competitive brands available. The other one is to do business with end customers will help the company collect first-hand information regarding the customer needs and product performance feedback.In all, unlike Callaway who aims to be the comprehensive manufacturer, TaylorMade-adidas should focus on winning buyers recognition of being specialised in drivers and hybrid club and the No. 1 in golf fashion industry. This analysis recommends F ortune brands to better differentiate its sub-brands and each ones target market. Their advertising effort should then be separated in regards to different target groups. In addition, the company should also work on cost reduction opportunities in order to cut their prices to be better positioned in the market, its ZB line of iron sets is a good example.

Data Flow Diagram Explain

4. 3 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM A data electric current diagram is a vividal technique that depicts information flow and transforms that ar applied as data move from input to output. The DFD is excessively cognise as information bunk Graph or Bubble Chart. The DFD is utilize to represent increasing information flow and functional details. Also DFD put forward be stated as the starting point of the design contour that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the lowest direct of detail.A Level 0 also called a fundamental system model or a scope level DFD that represent the entire software elements as a unmarried bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and extraverted arrows, respectively. Additional process and information flow parts are equal in the next level, i. e. , level 1 DFD. Each of the processes represented at level 1 are sub functions of overall system depicted in the context model. Any processes that are complex in level 1 will be further represented into sub functions in the next level, i. e. , level 2.Data flow diagram is a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes and data root systems. The intend of data flow diagram is to provide a semantic duo between users and system developers. The diagram is the basis of structured system analysis. A DFD describes what data flows rather than how they are processed, so it does not depend on hardware, software, data structure or file organization. 4. 3. 1 Components of Data Flow Diagram There are four symbols that are used in the drawing of Data Flow Diagrams Entities External entities represent the sources of data that participate the system or the recipients of data that leave the system. * Process Processes represent activities in which data is manipulated by being stored or retrieved or transformed in some way. A circle represents it. The process will show the data transformation or change. * Databases Databases represent storage of data within the system. * Data Flow A data flow shows the flow of information from its source to its destination. A line represents a data flow, with arrowheads showing the direction of flow.

How did the Prohibition Change USA Essay

The word bar as stated in the World Book encyclopaedia refers to faithfulnesss that be knowing to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages. The enforcement of the Volstead symbolize in the joined States of the States (USA) saw the nationwide beginning of the breastwork on the 16th of January 1920. The restriction brought about a change in attitude for the mickle of the fall in States (USA). It caused an constitutional start in crime encouraging quotidian pot to break the police forcefulness and join ond the amount of liquor that was consumed nationwide. Overall this lawfulness was a failure because a law can not be apply on a democratic ball club with out the reinforcer of a majority. The effect of this misidentify (prohibition) lingered on American (USA) baseball club for some(prenominal) years to follow.Before the inhibition the community of the United States of America had high moral standards, were more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) conserv ative and in legion(predicate) ways go through less freedom both socially and economically. Before the rampart arrest the crime rate was relatively low compared with pre prohibition figures. There was a 78 percent increase in crime from those crime order that were recorded before the Prohibition. Alcohol consumption in pre prohibition in years had begun to drop since 1910, however this may have been due to the event that between 1880 and the beginning World War One in 1914 many states had adoptedstate wide Prohibition.Before Prohibition occurred nationwide, the economic savage of the 1920s (also known as the Roaring Twenties) had not tho taken place, therefore the changes in attitude amongst the race of the United states were not yet established, consequently pre prohibition years were times of less social freedom, more conservatism and some would argue high moral standards. receivable to these higher moral standards some groups believed Prohibition was a necessary m easure in the creation of a ordering free from evils and less tainted in the old ways meaning a society where crime rates, poverty, and remainder rates would be advantageously reduced, the idea was that this in turn would purify the economy and quality of life for the people of the United States of America.The Prohibition caused an extreme rise in crime and in many cases it encouraged quotidian people to break the law. As moral standards within society declined and forbid alcohol consumption increased crime rates within society rose considerably. This was because in order for alcoholic need to be met, everyday people were forced to break the law, going against the h hotshotsty and freedom at a time shared by the democratic nation. Crime rates within the United States of America rose a spectacular deal during the Prohibition years, criminal activity rose to 78 percent to a higher place that of pre-prohibition rates as more and more people broke the law, whilst serious crimes much(prenominal) as murder and assault rose to nearly 13 percent above what it had nonpareil time been. With the Volstead Act running its course a new foodstuff was created for corrupt politicians and gangsters to give the public what they demanded -alcohol and plenty of it.One of the main reasons for the increase in crime rates was due to lack of enforcement this was because there werent enough Prohibition agents to enforce the laws which were being broken on such a large scale. It was assumed that Americans would follow the requirements of the new Prohibition law and so only 1520 Prohibition agents were employed in 1920 the number mounting to 2836 in 1930. This rise in the amount of Prohibition agents did not genuinely help matters very much as people continued to surface against the enforcement of the Prohibition and continued to break the law, finding more creative measures to stool away with their violation of the Volstead Act, many people hid their liquor in renal pelvis flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find.Nationwide liquor consumption increased during Prohibition years. In order for people who wanted to fulfil their alcoholic needs to do so they were forced to break the law. Alcohol consumption considerably increased within the first couple of years of nationwide Prohibition in the United States (USA). The drinking of alcoholic beverages became an act of rebellion against countenance from the beginning of Prohibition, especially among university students and flappers. Alcohol consumption did increase over Prohibition years, $40 million of liquor had been smuggled into the United States in 1924 simply(predicate) and that did not include the amount of alcohol which people make illegally in their own homes, which was most likely consumed that same year as well.There was a decrease in the consumption of beer, because it had to be transported in large quantities, which made the substance difficult to hid e, as a dissolver prices of beer and other alcoholic substances which had to be transported in such large quantities skyrocketed.  formerly this had happened people began to turn to the more saturated forms of alcohol or concentrated liquors, which were a lot easier to transport and as a consequence they were cheaper. Due to the increase in consumption of more concentrated forms of alcohol, people got rum much faster than in pre prohibition years. Consequently there were more alcohol related deaths during the Prohibition, due to a rise in alcohol consumption, as people were being poisoned by alcohol that was highly concentrated and or poisoned. Deaths from poisoned liquor rose from 1,064 in 1920 to 4,154 in 1925.There are many views as to why the Prohibition failed. One of the main reasons was due to the fact that a law can not be enforced on a democratic society without the support of a majority. During the prohibition there were many people who opposed the alcoholic limita tions placed on their lives, as a result of the Prohibition, with many individuals feeling this way more and more people began to rebel against the restrictions which had a hold on them, they began break of serve the law in protest to the Volstead Act.Prohibition did not achieve its goals. Instead, it added to the problems it was think to solve. The results of the Prohibition are clear organized crime grew into an empire disrespect for the law grew and the per capita consumption of the prohibited substance increased dramatically the prohibition had been a failure. Some believe that perhaps if the Prohibition had have been better nonionised and powerfully imposed then the Prohibition of the USA would have been more of a success. However this was not the case and due to the mistake made through the enforcement of the Prohibition the moral standards of society were changed forever.Nationwide Prohibition stop on the 5th of December 1933. However the effect of this mistake (Prohibit ion) lingered on American (USA) society for many years to follow. It was hoped that Prohibition would eliminate deprave influences in society instead, Prohibition itself became a major source of corruption. subsequently the Prohibition had ended many people had changed their attitude towards the political relation, as they believed that the administration had become too involved in the personal lives of individuals through their enforcement of the Volstead Act of January 1920. The United States of America would never be the same again, the nation never returned to the way things had been in the years prior to Prohibition.During the time of Prohibition the great decade of change occurred, which was known as The Roaring Twenties with it came Prohibition, one of the gravest mistakes ever made by an American (USA) government, this mistake saw society change in more ways than one. As a whole moral standards declined, disrespect for the law became evident and faith in government policies decreased. After the Prohibition there was a Midwestern crime expand in 1934 where, gangsters robbed hundreds of banks, kidnapped and murdered scores of people. Due to these criminal offences by 1940 people became untrusting of immigrants and under the Smith Act immigrants were to be fingerprinted as people feared that these people may have been gangsters.Prohibition was a grave mistake which changed the United States. During the Prohibition years the mistake of the Volstead Act caused an extreme rise in crime encouraging everyday people to break the law and increased the amount of liquor that was consumed nationwide. Within Society moral standards began to drop, people began rebelling against the laws put in place, and breaking the law was no longer regarded as such a heinous act. The dishonesty and corruption that grew with prohibition made US people pull back their respect for the law and for the people who were supposed to enforce it. American (USA) society has neve r really recovered from the effects of Prohibition, it has never returned to the moral standards once held as a nation. On a whole the Prohibition was one of the greatest mistakes made in the USA during the 1920s. Overall the Prohibition was a failure that should not have been enforced at all, let alone in a decade The Roaring Twenties where rapid change was taking place on its own.