Effect of Feed on the Mineral Composition of Labeo Rohita

subject of Feed on the Mineral Composition of Labeo RohitaKhalid Javed Iqbal*1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Arshad Javid2, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Fayyaz Rasool1, Noor Khan1 , Sumaira Abbas1 and Muhammad Altaf 2ABSTRACTStudies were conducted to evaluate the entrap of plant- look for repast feed and/or plant by-product based feed on minerals part of Labeo rohita. look for supply on rice polish alone served as control (T0). Feed ingredients were class together with deuce ingredients in each test nutrition which served as an independent trial during these studies. Group 1(T1) contained guar meal and canola meal, group 2(T2) soja meal and cotton fiber wool seed meal, group 3(T3) guar meal and cotton seed meal, group 4(T4) soybean meal and canola meal and group 5(T5) slantmeal and canola meal. sever aloney group including control had ii replicates. 12 ear and so ponds with consistent empyrean of 0.03 ha each, were randomly stocked with 100 weight (average weight c c g) in each following standard stocking protocols. All the 12 ponds were hence randomly allotted to individual intervention including control group. Experimental slant were feed 4% of their wet biomass twice a day. Minerals specifically Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu meaning(a)ly differed (P0.05) among treatments which might be linked with their variable release in digestive dodging of search in the presence of various anti-nutritional factors. come across Words anglemeal soybean meal canola meal Ca Na.INTRODUCTIONFish is rich in animal protein, low in cholesterol and senior high in unsaturated fatty acids (Kromhout et al., 1995 Zenebe et al., 1998a Arts et al., 2001 Fawole et al., 2007) and collect its these peculiar qualities is favorite(a) over red meats (Sadiku and Oladimeji, 1991 Mozaffarian et al., 2003 Foran et al., 2005). Nutritional quality of angle is however, not uniform and varies a lot among disparate tip species even within species when well-mannered under e nvironments and different last systems. Among herbivorous fish varieties Labeo rohita is preferred among consumers due to its typical taste and texture and among culturists due to increment, hardiness and wide localize feeding habits. That is the reason that it is dominant fish in current fish cultural practices (Khan et al., 2004 Hussain et al., 2011 FAO, 2000 Chaudhuri et al., 1974).Other than nutritional competencies the fish is an important economic stem, and its culture is rapidly growing not only in developing countries alone in developed contraries too (Delgado et al., 2002 Louka et al., 2004). The success of fish culture depends on availability and survival of appropriate diets that are proficiently digested, are exist effective and provide the necessary nutrients for optimal result (Mokolensang et al., 2003). Improvement and selection of appropriate feed ingredients has pronounced effect on the nutritional value, fish growth and its adjunct qualities (Shioya et al., 2011 Yang et al., 2011). Cost effective quality feed has arctic role in fish production and has al agencys been a chasteness in the expansion of fish culture and in sustained evolution of aquaculture industry. It determines growth, flesh theme, especially lipid, mineral kernel of produced fish and ultimately trade response (Izquierdo et al., 2003 Rasmussen, 2001).Among other nutrients minerals also has an important role and contribute to the growth of fish being an integral components of many enzymes involved transfiguration (Glover and Hogstrand, 2002). several(prenominal) minerals are required for proper development and normal execution of beings bodily functions as Ca is necessary element for the read development (Erkan and Ozden, 2007) and Ca, Mg, Na and K, are involved in cellular metabolism which are usually found in higher(prenominal) quantities in biological tissues (Wagner and Boman, 2003). Zn is well known to be involved in approximately metabolic pathways in pl ants and animals (Hambidge, 2000). Copper, iron and manganese are essential for maintenance of normal growth and reproduction (Turkmen et al., 2005 Roy and Lall, 2006). Fish is a major source of Fe (Fraga, 2005) which is involved in blood synthesis in colorful (Wagner and Boman, 2003), is an integral component of oxygen carrying protein from lungs to the tissues (Wagner and Boman, 2003 Camara et al., 2005). Mn is required in jiffy quantities on daily basis for better health and growth in forgivings and its deficiency may result in nervous system disorder (Agency for Toxic Substances and disorder Registry, 2004). Keeping in view all the above mentioned concerns the place study is planned to find out the effect of plant-fishmeal feed and/or plant by-product based feed on minerals profile of Labeo rohita.MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental site and study trialsThis three month study was conducted in earthen ponds of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterin ary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus Pattoki, development new-made Labeo rohita as an experimental animal.Experimental designStudies were designed following solely Randomized Design (CRD). There were 5 treatments and a control with deuce replicates in each group and whole trial was managed in 12 ponds. 100 juveniles of Labeo rohita having mean body weight of 200g were randomly stocked in each pond (0.03 ha) and then all these ponds were arbitrarily distributed among 5 treatments and a control. Five experimental diets pertaining to each treatment, by proportionate ratio of the twain feed ingredients was maintained at 11 i.e. (T1) guar meal and canola meal, (T2) soybean meal and cotton seed meal, (T3) guar meal and cotton seed meal, (T4) soybean meal and canola meal, (T5) fishmeal and canola meal and a control diet (T0) i.e. rice polish with two replicates in each. Fish were regularly cater 4% of wet body weight twice a day. immediate abbreviationFeed proximate summary was ana lyzed by using Bchi NIR Technology (Bchi NIRFlex N-500) Feed were dried and eventually ground in pestle and mortar and then position in archetyper cups. The cups were placed in Bchi NIR machine for two minutes which then displayed a complete proximate analysis proclaim which was saved for future use (Table 1).Table 1 immediate analysis of feed combinationsMineral analysisWell ground 0.5 g sample was taken in conical flask which 10 ml HNO3 was added in. kind was then boiled for 15 minutes at 60 0C and then 5 ml perchloric acid was added and boiled it again for another 15 minutes at 60 0C. Sample flask was then placed on hot plate and heated till sample tawdriness reduced to 1 ml. This sample was diluted to 100 ml by addition of distilled water. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were measured by flame photometrical method trance calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and milligram (Mg) were determined by an atomic immersion spectrophotometer.Statistical analysisThe da ta generated during the course of this trial from various sources was analyzed by one way ANOVA using SAS software to determine the significance of various treatment groups. Difference among various means obtained from computation of treatment data sets was compared by Duncans Multiple Range Test to indentify the presence of variations. Probability train for these tests was fixed at P0.05.RESULTSMineral composition of Labeo rohita showed statistically significant (P 0.05) differences in Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu surfeit spot non-significant in K and Mg. Significantly higher Na (27.4000.98 ppm) was discover in fish fed on T2 and the lowest (18.055.30 ppm) in T4, similarly importantly higher Ca content was ascertained in fish fed on T5 (14.2450.09 ppm) while the lowest in T3 (10.5150.09 ppm), significantly higher Fe content was record for fish fed on T5 (5.9600.87 ppm) while the lowest in T4 (1.9100.14 ppm), significantly higher (0.8150.09 ppm) and spurn (0.4700.04 ppm) Zn contents were detect in T1 and T2. high Cu concentrations were recorded in fish fed on T3 (0.0450.01 ppm) and humble in fish fed on T0 (0.0150.01 ppm), higher set of K was discovered on T2 (68.55023.97 ppm) while lower for T3 (53.1002.82 ppm), maximum Mg values were observed for T1 (3.2700.11 ppm) and minimum for T2 (2.9150.10 ppm) (Table -2).Table 2 Effect of feed on mineral composition of Labeo rohitaDISCUSSIONIn present study mineral composition of Labeo rohita showed significant (P 0.05) variation in Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu content in different treatments. Statistically significantly higher Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu were observed in fish were observed in T2, T5, T5, T1, T3 while non-significantly higher K and Mg were observed in T2 and T1 respectively. adverse to our study Khan et al. (2012) observed non-significant variations in mineral content in major carps reared in single-channel and polyculture systems. Similarly Luczynska et al. (2009) also observed non-significant differences in f ishes having different feeding niches. During present study significantly higher Na was observed in fish fed T2 and lower in fish fed wit T4. comparatively higher Na concentrations were observed in marine fish by Pirestani et al. (2009). Significantly higher Ca was observed in fish fed on T5 and lower for fish fed on T3. Our findings are in line with Babalola, et al. (2011) who observed significant variations in concentration of Ca among different commercialized-grade fish species of Nigeria.Significantly higher Fe content was observed in fish fed on T5 and lower in fish fed on T4 during present analysis. Mean Fe values were observed within the ranges given by Pirestani et al. (2009) in C. carpio. Babalola et al. (2011) observed non significant differences in Fe content among different commercial fishes of Nigeria. Significantly higher Zn was determined in fish fed with T1 while lower on T2 during present study. Contrary to our study Stezycka et al. (2003) observed higher Zn conte nt in non-predatory fishes and marine fish species (Pirestani et al., 2009). During present study significantly higher Cu concentration was determined in fish, fed on T3 while lower for T0 diet. Contrary to our study Pirestani et al. (2009) observed higher Cu concentrations in fish collected from South Caspian Sea. 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